Chemical industry, complex of processes, operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products. Metals in a sense are chemicals because they are produced by chemical means, the ores sometimes requiring chemical methods of dressing before refining; the refining process also involves chemical reactions. Such metals as steel, lead, copper, and zinc are produced in reasonably pure form and are later fabricated into useful shapes. The chemical industry converts these raw materials into primary, secondary, and tertiary products, a distinction based on the remoteness of the product from the consumer, the primary being remotest.

The products of the chemical industry can be divided into three categories:

•             Basic chemicals

•             Specialty chemicals

•             Consumer chemicals

A chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components by physical separation methods, i.e. without breaking chemical bonds. It can be solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Chemical substances are often called 'pure' to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set of molecules or ions. Two or more elements combined into one substance through a chemical reaction form a chemical compound.

The major environmental problems created by chemical industries are-

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: Environmental pollution may be caused by Chemical agents (gases, pesticides, and particulates), Physical agents (heat, noise, radiation) and Biological agents (micro-organism). Environmental pollution can be divided into: a. Air Pollution b. Water Pollution

Chemical industry contributes significantly to improving the

quality of life through breakthrough innovations enabling pure drinking water, faster medical

treatment, stronger homes and greener fuels. The chemical industry is critical for the

economic development of any country, providing products and enabling technical solutions in

virtually all sectors of the economy.

The chemical sector has witnessed growth of 13-14% in the last 5 years while petrochemicals have registered a growth of 8-9% over the same period.Government recognizes Chemical industry as a key growth element of Indian economy. In Chemical Sector, 100% FDI is permissible. Asia’s growing contribution to the global chemical industry, India emerges as one of the focus destinations for chemical companies worldwide. With the current size of approximately $108 billion1, the Indian chemical industry accounts for 3% of the global chemical industry.The chemical industry is central to the modern world economy having a typical sales-to-GDP ratio of 5-6%. Global chemical production growth slowed down from 4.4% p.a to 3.6% p.a. global chemical sales in FY10 valued at $3.4 trillion.

FURTHER INFORMATION:

Handbook on Chemical Industries (Alcohol Based) describes the detailed information on the subject. the major contents of this book are-  Manufacture of Ethanol, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties,

Iodoacetic Acid, Diiodoacetic Acid, Triiodoacetic Acid, Mixed Halides of Acetic Acid, Acetic Anhydride, Physical and Chemical Properties, Barium Acetate, Calcium Acetate, Chromium Acetate, Cobalt Acetate, Copper Acetate, Lead Acetate etc.

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