A candle is a solid block of wax with an embedded wick which is ignited to provide light, and sometimes heat, and historically was used as a method of keeping time. For a candle to burn, a heat source (commonly a naked flame) is used to light the candles wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel, the wax. Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to ignite and form a constant flame. Components of candle are wax and wick.

Characteristics of candle are Light, Temperature, and Candle flame. Before the invention of electric lighting, candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination. In areas without electricity, they are still used routinely.

Animal or vegetable fats were used for the first candles. As candle making technology progressed, beeswax became widely used, mainly because of its pleasing odor and the absence of the mess that melting fats produced. The original candles were produced through the dipping method. Dating back to the middle Ages, this method used wicks made from dried rushes, which were peeled on all but one side, revealing the pith. The wicks were repeatedly dipped into the molten fat until the fat had stuck to the wick at a desired thickness. the types of wax used in the construction of candles have changed greatly during the past few centuries. Today, substances are often mixed together to create stronger candles with higher melting points. The manufacturing of candles consists of three steps: preparation of the wicking, preparation of the wax base, and continuous molding or extrusion of the finished candles.

Types of candles are-

•             Votive Candles

•             Container Candles

•             Pillar Candles

•             Dipped Candles

•             Rolled Candles

As per a report global demand for waxes reached an estimated 10,000 million lbs., valued at over $2.1 billion in 2010, out of which the demand for candles were 50 per cent of the above, with the indication of wax consumption expected to grow at an average annual growth rate of 1 per cent from 2010 to 2019.Demand within the global waxes market reached an estimated 9,590 million lbs. in 2010. Mineral waxes (including petroleum) account for an estimated 85% of this global demand, with synthetic waxes accounting for 11% and animal and vegetable waxes, accounting for 4%.

FURTHER INFORMATION:

The Complete Technology Book on Candle Making & Designs describes the detailed information on the subject. The major contents of this book are-Equipment and materials         Equipment, Heat source, Double boiler, Thermometer, Weighing scales, Measuring flask or jug, Dipping can, Common sense with wax, Working with heat, Fire safety, Working with wax, Preventing accidents, Heat Exchanger, Filter Press, Boilers, Thermometer etc.

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