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Investment Opportunities & Business Ideas in Oman, Middle East - Identification and Selection of right Project, Thrust areas for Investment, Industry Startup and Entrepreneurship Projects

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Lubricants Blending Plant Lubricants/Grease/Brake Fluid/Coolant) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study

A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity (Slipperiness). A good lubricant possesses the following characteristics: High boiling point; Low freezing point; High viscosity index Thermal stability; Corrosion prevention; High resistance to oxidation. A solid or semisolid lubricant consisting of a thickening agent (soap or other additives) in a fluid lubricant (usually petroleum lubricating oil) is called grease. Grease is a lubricant which has been thickened in order that it remains in contact with moving surfaces and not leak out under gravity or centrifugal action. Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible in their natural state the component molecules do not have internal voids and the molecules pack together well, so bulk forces are directly transferred to trying to compress the fluid's chemical bonds. A coolant is a fluid which flows through or around a device to prevent its overheating, transferring the heat produced by the device to other devices that use or dissipate it. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low cost, non toxic, and chemically inert, neither causing nor promoting corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator. Uses and Applications Lubricants perform the following key functions: keep moving parts apart; reduce friction; transfer heat; carry away contaminants & debris; transmit power; protect against wear; prevent corrosion; seal for gases; stop the risk of smoke and fire of objects and prevent rust. Functions of lubricating grease: reduce wear and tear; sealant to contaminants; prevent corrosion; prevent rust and increases heat transmission. Coolant compositions are used for a variety of applications. For instance, a paper discloses a coolant composition having glycol as a main component, which prevents iron and aluminum from being corroded, and in particular, has corrosion preventing properties for aluminum and aluminum alloys at high temperatures. Another data comprises an improved antifreeze coolant composition with certain additives that serve to increase the thermal stability of the glycol component of a glycol/water coolant composition and to reduce the tendency of the glycol component to degrade under elevated thermal conditions. They are also used for cold preservation of foods by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the freezing point which is substantially higher than 0°C. Brake fluids must maintain a low level of compressibility that remains low, even with varying temperatures. Market Survey Worldwide, there are 1380 lubricant manufacturers ranging from large to small. At present, there are about 180 such national and multinational oil companies engaged in manufacturing lubricants. The 1200 independent lubricant companies mainly concentrate on the manufacturing and marketing of lubricants and view lubricants as their core business. On one hand there are vertically integrated petroleum companies whose main business objective is the discovery, extraction and refining of crude oil. . While the large, integrated companies focus on high volume lubricants such as engine, gear and hydraulic oils, many independent lube companies concentrate on specialties and niche business, where apart from some tailor made lubricants, comprehensive and expert customer service is part of the package. Central and Eastern Europe account for the majority of worldwide grease usage. Followed by Asia Pacific, North America, Western Europe, Central and South America, Africa and the Middle East. A significant difference in the types of products used exists among these regions. Western Europe and North America typically require higher quality products than do Central and Eastern European users. Africa uses specialized products (such as greases for mining equipment) and the use of Polyurea products predominates in Asia. India reports a higher percentage of lithium, lithium complex and greases in comparison to the international data. This could be due to a difference in equipment lubrication demands in various parts of the India. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Alicid Organic Inds. Ltd. Asia Refinery Ltd. Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Bharat Shell Ltd. Burmah Petro Products Ltd. Caltex Lubricants India Ltd. Canara Sales Corpn. Ltd. Castrol India Ltd. Chemoleums Ltd. Continental Petroleums Ltd. Gantley Speciality Products Ltd. Gujarat Indo Lube Ltd. Gujarat Oiland Inds. Ltd. Gujarat Speciality Lubes Ltd. Gulf Carosserie India Ltd. Gulf Oil Corpn. Ltd. Gulf Oil India Limited [Merged] Gulf Oil India Ltd. [Merged] Houghton Hardcastle (I) Ltd. Iccon Oil & Specialities Ltd. Indian Additives Ltd. Indian Oil Blending Ltd. [Merged] Lubrizol India Pvt. Ltd. M P Petrochem Ltd. Motorol (India) Ltd. Motorol Speciality Oils Ltd. Nandan Petrochem Ltd. Panama Petrochem Ltd. Paras Lubricants Ltd. Petrosil Lubricants Ltd. Powerlink Oil Refinery Ltd. Renaissance Petrolube Ltd. Sagar Petroleums Ltd. Sah Petroleums Ltd. Savita Oil Technologies Ltd. Savita Polymers Ltd. Shiva Petro Synth Specialities Ltd. Southern Refineries Ltd. Speciality Petrolubes Ltd. Sunstar Lubricants Ltd. Tata B P Lubricants India Ltd. [Merged] Tide Water Oil Co. (India) Ltd. Total Lubricants India Ltd. Unique Oils India Ltd. Universal Petrochemicals Ltd. Valvoline Cummins Ltd. Velloils Lubricants & Petrochem Ltd. Waxpol Industries Ltd. Witmans Petrochem Pvt. Ltd. Cost Estimation Capacity Blended Lubricating Oil : 10 KL/Day Greases : 1 KL/Day Brake Fluid : 0.67 KL/Day Coolant : 1 KL/Day
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: Rs. 274 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs.1330 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 40.00%
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Guar Gum Powder(Drilling Grade)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Guar gum, a natural gum, is an edible thickening agent extracted from the guar bean. Guar beans have a large endosperm which contains galactomannan gum which forms a gel in water. This is commonly known as guar gum and is widely used Food and industrial applications. Guar gum has also proven a useful substitute for locust bean gum. Guar Gum is a white to yellowish white powder and is nearly odorless. Fine finished Guar Gum Powder is available in different viscosities and granulometries depending on the desired viscosity development and applications. Guar gum is a cold water soluble polysaccharide, consisting of mannose and galactose units. This ability to hydrate without heating makes it very useful in many industrial and food applications. Guar gum is an economical thickener and stabilizer. It hydrates fairly rapidly in cold water to give highly viscous pseudo plastic solutions of generally greater low-shear viscosity when compared with other hydrocolloids and much greater than that of locust bean gum. Guar Gum is known as one of the best thickening additives, emulsifying additives and stabilizing additives. Uses and Applications One of the wide uses of guar gum is in top-hole oil well drilling. Industrial grade guar gum powder suitable for use in oil well fracturing, oil well stimulation, mud drilling and industrial applications and preparations as a stabilizer, thickener and suspending agent. It is a natural, fast hydrating dispersible guar gum and is diesel slurriable. In the oil field industry, guar gum is used as a surfactant, synthetic polymer and de-foam ideally suited for all rheological requirements of water-based and brine-based drilling fluids. It has high degree of substitution, good uniformity of substitution, high transparency, viscosity and water loss can be controlled. It is suitable for fresh water, sea water, saturated brine slurry, stabilizes soft soil structure, prevent collapse of wall of a well, it can improve mud-making volume, reduce filteration loss. It also has excellent performance in drilling of oil. Market Survey The production list of guar is dominated by India as a leading producer of this crop. The consumption pattern of guar seeds is largely influenced by the demands from the petroleum industry of United States of America and the oil fields in the Middle East as the derivative products of these seeds are quite useful in the petroleum drilling industries. India is also the world leader in the exports of guar and its derivatives followed by Pakistan. India produces 600000 lakh tons of guar annually i.e. the maximum level of production in the world. It contributes to around 80% share in the world’s total production. Industrial-grade guar gum, currently the more desirable of the two grades, is utilized in hydraulic fracturing fluids. Guar gum has recently seen a significant spike in prices. Industry insiders are pointing to market manipulation, in the forms of price speculation by traders, hoarding by suppliers and increased demand from the fracking fluid industry as the primary reason for these increases. Currently, prices are at a 12-year high and have been rising at an extraordinary rate – making these figures, quite possibly, some of the fastest-moving commodity prices ever seen. India and Pakistan are the major producers of guar gum. India, which produces nearly 80 percent of the world's guar gum, is also the largest exporter of this product, as guar gum requires a unique climate of drought and monsoon weather for successful growth. Few Major Players are as under:- Ace Gum Industries Pvt. Ltd. Ecap Equities Ltd. Edel Commodities Ltd. Edelweiss Trading & Holdings Ltd. Hindustan Gum & Chemicals Ltd. India Glycols Ltd. Jai Bharat Gum & Chemicals Ltd. Jindal Leasefin Ltd. K C India Ltd. Lucid Colloids Ltd. Shree Shubham Logistics Ltd. Unique Organics Ltd. Vegan Colloids Ltd. Vikas Granaries Ltd. Vikas W S P Ltd.
Plant capacity: 10 MT/Day Plant & machinery: Rs.213 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost Of Project : Rs.832 Lakhs
Return: 43.00%Break even: 46.00%
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AAC Blocks (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks) Fly Ash Based - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a non-combustible, lime-based cementitious building material that is expanding into new worldwide markets. As a singlecomponent building material AAC has achieved acceptance in new markets throughout the world. The AAC has the features of light bulk density good thermal insulation properties and sound absorption, certain strength and process ability, and its raw materials is very rich, especially the reuse of fly ash enables the comprehensive utilization of industrial residue curbs environmental pollution no destroy on farmland create good social and economic benefits. AAC is an ideal alternative of the traditional clay brick wall materials. AAC Blocks have Good heat insulation and humid retention. They are non-flammable. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) products are 4 times lighter in weight than ordinary concrete. Its characteristic structure comprising millions of tiny pores, it offers optimum solidity at low weight. Uses and Applications AAC products are equally suitable for residential construction, multistory buildings commercial and industrial construction. The products are made of natural materials: sand lime and water. These raw materials are processed to provide a building material with a large number of air pores; hence, aerated concrete. Fine pores (nearly 70% of the product) and the solid structure of calcium silicate hydrate gives AAC its exceptional material properties. They are fire proof and provide insulation. Its low density permits use in larger building units which serves as a distinct advantage in pre fabrication. Appreciable savings are effected in foundation loads in multi storeyed construction. It is therefore being used increasingly as walling units in some developed countries. Market Survey The autoclaved aerated concrete sector of the construction industry is now in the phase of a tremendous growth cycle. The autoclaved aerated concrete industry must utilize competitive techniques as customers are looking for lowered costs. AAC is not a new building system but it is new to India. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) though relatively unknown in India is currently one of the many building products being touted as green or environmentally friendly. There will be phenomenal growth in autoclaved aerated industry in the near future. Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks having different architectural finishes and color will also play a prominent role in near future. With a high growing good infrastructure and urbanization, the autoclaved aerated concrete Industry is poised for growth in the near future.
Plant capacity: 500 CUM/Day Plant & machinery: Rs.1117 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost Of Project : Rs. 1886 Lakhs
Return: 36.00%Break even: 39.00%
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READY MIX CONCRETE - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Ready mix concrete is a modern trend of introduction in the Asian Countries. It is already introduced long before in the European Countries. It is new concept of use concrete in the construction area. Ready mix concrete has advantages in the area where immediate requirement of concrete mixture like in the preparation of bridge overhead roads on or the road construction. In India there is a hopefull to get good scope of RMC within short period. The batching, mixing, transportation, placing, compaction, finishing and curing are very complimentary operations to obtain desired good quality concrete. The good quality concrete is a homogeneous mixture of water, cement, aggregates and other admixtures. It is not just a matter mixing these ingredients to obtain some kind of plastic mass, but it is scientific process which is based on some well established principles and governs the properties of concrete mixes in fresh as well as in hardened state. The aim of quality control is to ensure the production of concrete of uniform strength in such a way that there is a continuous supply of concrete delivered to the place of deposition, each batch of which is as nearly like the other batches as possible. The production of concrete of uniform quality involves five definable phases: Batching or measurement of materials, Mixing of concrete, Transportation, Placing, compaction and finishing of concrete, and Curing. USES & APPLICATION It is used in the construction of bridge, dam etc, It is used in the construction overhead roads, pools, multi stories building etc, It can be directly used at the construction site. It help greater element of automation and precision concrete mixing. A much higher quality and more constituent uniformity and increase standardization and speed which is done ten times faster as compared to site mixed concrete. There are many advantages of RMC over site mixed concrete. Technologically speaking, ready mixed concrete is certainly advancement over the age-old site mixed concrete. The benefits of RMC in terms of quality, speed, life-cycle cost and environmental friendliness are overwhelmingly superior to those of site mixed concrete. MARKET SURVEY India is the second largest producer of cement in the world after China. It is followed by Japan and the USA. Cement consumption is very closely linked to the performance of the construction industry; however, since cement is used in both residential and non-residential construction, it doesn’t experience extreme cycles. The non-residential sector is classified into commercial and industrial, and institutional segments. The residential and non-residential sectors are also classified as private and public construction. Cement and ready-mix concrete demand is dependent on the level of construction activities. Construction activities are in turn closely related to a number of macroeconomic factors such as consumer spending, population growth, manufacturing sector growth, inflation rates, government spending etc. The construction industry is the second largest industry in India after agriculture. It accounts for about 11% of India’s GDP. It makes significant contribution to the national economy and provides employment to large number of people. Construction constitutes 40% to 50% of India's capital expenditure on projects in various sectors such as highways, roads, railways, energy, airports, irrigation etc. There are mainly three segments in the construction industry like real estate construction which includes residential and commercial construction; infrastructure building which includes roads, railways, power etc; and industrial construction that consists of oil and gas refineries, pipelines, textiles etc. Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, sand, wood and rocks, even twigs and leaves have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use. The biggest increase in private participation is expected in roads (from 5 per cent to 36), ports (47 per cent to 74 per cent) and railways (less than 1 per cent to 20 per cent). The Planning Commission estimates that the remaining infrastructure investments will be funded by the central and state government. According to a study by ASSOCHAM, the burgeoning Indian construction industry, currently worth $70 billion, will rise to US $120 billion by 2010. The Indian construction industry, an integral part of the economy and a conduit for a substantial part of its development investment, is poised for growth on account of industrialization, urbanization, economic development and people's rising expectations for improved quality of living in the coming years. The market size of cement and ready-mix concrete is defined as the amount of cement and ready-mix concrete products supplied to the total Indian marketplace, in a particular period. Therefore, market size is determined by supply rather than demand. The Ready-mix concrete business in India is in its nascent stage. In a developed country 70% of cement produced is used by the Ready-mix concrete industry. The usage of Ready-mix concrete could not be implemented as investors felt that the plants would starve due to non-availability of cement. The levy of additional taxes and duties on RMC, entry tax and excise duty also contributed to the slow development of the concept. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A C C Concrete Ltd. A C C Ltd. Ahlcon Ready Mix Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Ashoka Buildcon Ltd. Binani Ready Mix Concrete Ltd. D S Kulkarni Developers Ltd. Eastern Gases Ltd. Madras Cements Ltd. My Home Inds. Ltd. N C L Industries Ltd. Navkar Builders Ltd. Prism Cement Ltd. R B Gupta Financials Ltd. R D C Concrete (India) Pvt. Ltd. S R S Real Infrastructure Ltd. Samruddhi Cement Ltd. Tantia Constructions Ltd. Tarmac (India) Pvt. Ltd. Telecommunications Consultants India Ltd. Trishul Concrete Products Ltd. Ultratech Cement Ltd.
Plant capacity: 240 Cu MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs 320 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 773 Lakhs
Return: 27.08%Break even: 46.09%
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Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

Aluminium, the second most plentiful metallic element on earth, became an economic competitor in engineering applications as recently as the end of the 19th century. It was to become a metal for its time. The emergence of three important industrial developments would, by demanding material characteristics consistent with the unique qualities of aluminium and its alloys, greatly benefit growth in the production and use of the new metal. Aluminium has been termed the versatile metal of the 20th century since it finds application right from the kitchen to the spaceship. The growing popularity of this metal has been attributed to its outstanding physical and chemical properties, viz. lightness, and high strength of its alloys, high electric and thermal conductivity, good workability and the most important of all –its resistance to corrosion. Aluminium and its alloys find extensive applications in road transport, railways and aviation due to their good strength for relatively low weight. Aluminium also finds application in chemical and food processing plants. Owing to its good electrical conductivity, it finds use in electrical industries. Its strength, brightness durability and capacity to take anodic coating and colors are the most important properties for its use for architectural purposes. The first commercial applications of aluminium were novelty items such as mirror frames, house numbers, and serving trays. Cooking utensils were also a major early market. In time, aluminium grew in diversity of applications to the extent that virtually every aspect of modern life would be directly or indirectly affected by its use. Uses Alclad: Aluminium products sometimes are coated on one or both surfaces with a metallurgically bonded, thin layer of pure aluminium or aluminium alloy. If cladding is anodic to the core, it is called Alclad. The cladding of Alclad products electrochemically protects the core at exposed edges and at abraded or corroded areas. Automotive Products: The automotive industry uses wrought aluminium for trim, bumpers, body panels, and various interior parts. Alloys for trim applications are of the aluminium-magnesium type (2xxx series). Aircraft Alloys: The need for low weight in airframes has led to the development of very high-strength aluminium alloys for use as plate, sheet, and extrusions. Rigid Container Sheet: Aluminium rigid container sheet is used mainly for container ends or container bodies. The ends for beverage cans are made of 5182 alloy and usually have tabs made from 5042 or 5082 alloy. Bright Finishing Alloys: A number of alloys are produced especially for surface finishing by bright anodizing. The common bright finishing alloys are 1100, 3002, 5252, 5657, 6463, 7016, and 7029. Building and construction application Electrical applications- Bus bar alloys, transformers Processing equipments Lightening Coal mine machinery Jigs and patterns Reflectors, powders and pastes. Market Survey India's share in world aluminium market is estimated at around 3%. India ranks fifth in bauxite production after Australia (62 mn tons), Guinea (17.50 mn tons), Brazil (16.20 mn tons) and China (10.75 mn tons). With a total output of 9.25 mn tones, the country contributes about 6% of the world's total production of 159 mn tones, India holds the fifth position in reserves base and is ahead of China with 2300 mn tones. India ranked seventh in alumina production with a total output of 3 mn tones, a share of nearly 5% of the global production of 61 mn tones. The per capita consumption of aluminium in India continues to remain abysmally low at under 1 kg as against nearly 25 to 30 kg in the US and Europe, 15 kg in Japan, 10 kg in Taiwan and 3 kg in China. Aluminium has a wide range of applications, from aircraft building to packaging, a major consumer being the electrical industry. The two sectors, electricity and transportation, account for more than half of the total off take. The key consumer industries in India are power, transportation, consumer durables, packaging and construction. Of this, power is the biggest consumer (about 44% of total) followed by infrastructure (17%) and transportation (about 10% to 12%). However, internationally, the pattern of consumption is in favor of transportation, primarily due to large-scale aluminium consumption by the aviation industry. White goods account for nearly 5% of aluminium consumption in the country. The products include electric fans, air conditioners, refrigerators and coolers. The white goods industry uses both extruded products and flats. In the transportation sector, aluminium is used for paneling, floors and windows. So far, it is not used for structural parts and bodies of automobiles. An Indian car uses only about 54 kg of aluminium against a global average of 100 to 110 kg. This sets the high potential for growth with the increase in the automobile sector. Demand for aluminium is estimated to grow at 4 to 6% per annum. The demand for the metal is expected to pick up as the scenario improves for user industries like power, infrastructure and transportation, which are all on the move. In the domestic market, the demand of aluminium is expected to touch 1.5 mn ton by 2015-16. Domestic demand for aluminium foils in 1999-00 was of the order of 41,000 ton. It had gone up to 62,000 tons by 2003-04 and to 76,700 tons in 2006-07. It is projected to reach the level of 100,000 ton by the end of the decade. Foil users, such as the pharmaceuticals, processed foods and telecommunication sectors, have been showing healthy growth. Aluminium foil industry is growing annually at around 7%. In the near future, with the phenomenal rise in disposable incomes, the foil industry is expected to receive a boost. Working couples, for instance, increasingly pack their food in aluminium foils. The growth in demand is expected to follow the increasing demand noticed in China. Few Major Players are as under:- Aravali Infrapower Ltd. Associated Aluminium Inds. Pvt. Ltd. Baheti Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd. Balaji Aluminium Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Blue Precision Ltd. Camco Multi Metal Ltd. Century Aluminium Mfg. Co. Ltd. Dravya Industrial Chemicals Ltd. Ess Vee Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Hamco Mining & Smelting Ltd. Met Trade (India) Ltd. Namo Alloys Pvt. Ltd. National Steel & Agro Inds. Ltd. Palco Metals Ltd. Shree Pomani Metals & Alloys Ltd. Shrey Industries Ltd. Shri Lakshmi Engg. Inds. Ltd. Sudal Industries Ltd. Sun Industries Ltd. Tulya Alloy Castings Ltd.
Plant capacity: 360 MT/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 154 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 255 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 55.00%
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Copper Sulphate - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Layout

Copper (II) Sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula CuSO4. It occurs in nature as mineral hydrocyanite. It is gray to white and has rhombic crystal morphology. It decomposes to green basic copper (II) sulphate at 340 deg C and at 600-650 deg C it decomposes to copper oxide. It is generally prepared by controlled heating of Copper Sulphate Pent-hydrate, CuSO4.5H2O. Copper sulphate term is generally used to describe pent hydrate compound of copper sulphate which is also known as blue stone, blue vitriol etc. It is best known and the most widely used of the copper salts. Indeed it is often the starting raw material for the production of many of the other copper salts. Today the world's consumption is around 250,000 tons per annum of which it is estimated that approximately three-quarters are used in agriculture, principally as a fungicide. Uses & Application Anhydrous Copper sulphate has limited commercial use. • It is used as a desiccant for removing water from organic solvents. • It acts as a sensitive indicator of the presence of moisture in organic solvents. Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a very versatile chemical with as extensive a range of uses in industry. • It is used as an algaecide, an herbicide in irrigation and municipal water treatment systems, and as a molluscicide, a material used to repel and kill slugs and snails. • The metal industry uses large quantities of copper sulphate as an electrolyte in copper refining, for copper coating steel wire prior to wire drawing and in various copper plating processes. • The mining industry employs it as an activator in the concentration by froth flotation of lead, zinc, cobalt and gold ores. • The printing trade takes it as an electrolyte in the production of electrotype and as an etching agent for process engraving. • The paint industry uses it in anti-fouling paints and it plays a part in the coloring of glass. • Copper sulphate is a fungicide used to control bacterial and fungal diseases of fruit, vegetable, nut and field crops. It is used in combination with lime and water as a protective fungicide, referred to as Bordeaux mixture, for leaf application and seed treatment. • Copper deficiency in plants or animals can be corrected very simply either by applying 50 kg copper sulphate per hectare in the form of a fertilizer before sowing or by spraying the foliage of the young cereal plants. Market Survey The Market Survey on Copper Sulphate is of topical interest in the sense that copper is important metal used in India from ancient times. In fact, one age of human civilization is named after copper. Copper is also used in the alloy form as brass and bronze because of the added advantages. Copper was a scarce metal with respect to India but recent setting up of copper smelters has entirely changed the scenario of copper production/availability in the country. However, these copper smelters, except that of HCL, are producing copper based on the imported concentrates. This has opened a new path for the chemical manufacturing companies for producing copper based chemicals in the country. With numerous copper mines in the country, Copper compounds manufacturing has taken a good shot in last few years. Many Companies are setting their projects at different places in India. They produce environment friendly copper sulphate fertilizer, Copper Sulphate Electroplating Grade, Copper Sulphate Feed grade having 98% Copper content. Copper sulphate is widely used as fungicide in agricultural field. Therefore demand of copper sulphate directly depends upon the usage and development of agriculture in a country. In India, the total installed annual capacity of 43 technical grades of pesticides and fungicide is estimated at 148,000 tonnes of which only four grades (Mancozab 20,700 tonnes, Monocrotophos 14,000 tonnes, Malathion 11,800 tonnes and Endo-sulphan 10,100 tonnes) account for over 38% of the aggregate installed capacities. ? India is one among the most dynamic generic pesticides & fungicides manufacturing countries. And yet, India's own average consumption of it is low, below 500 gms per ha. Crop protection has assumed special importance since the food grains demand in the country is supposed to reach an estimated 343 mn tonnes by 2020. The agrochemical industry allocates an average of about 10% of its total sales turnover for research and development. This amounts to Rs 3.5-4.0 bn. The agrochemical industry is spread over around 200 large and medium sized manufacturers and 600 formulators producing about 60 technical grades of pesticides. Other important players in the sector include 10 multinational companies operating for quite some time. While the organized sector contributes 55% to the industry's output, the small scale sector makes up for the balance. The Indian industry has been focusing on integrated crop management (ICM), increasing exports of genuine pesticides & fungicide and concentrating on farmer-friendly activities. With the global market rising, there are encouraging prospects for the Indian industry. The pesticide industry is targeting a 10% share of global pesticides market and has been working on the ICM program to introduce safer applications, spray devices and crop protection through balanced use of biological and chemical pesticides. The exports cover pesticide intermediates. Pesticides and fungicide exports from India were growing at the rate of 15% and are expected to witness a more accelerated growth. Demand of copper sulphate is increasing rapidly for its use as a natural growth stimulant in animals, as well as in prevention of E.coli and listeria. The food-grade Copper Sulfate industry is a $1.2 billion industry growing at approximately 15% per year.
Plant capacity: 600 Nos. /annumPlant & machinery: 43 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: 238 Lakhs
Return: 24.00%Break even: 60.00%
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Potato Starch

Potato is widely consumed as food all over the world. It contains the starch as a major carbohydrate. Surplus and cull potatoes are used as feed for livestock and also as raw material for the manufacture of starch, ethyl alcohol and a few other industrial products like, dextrose, liquid Glucose etc. The potato contains approximately 18-21% of carbohydrates. The major carbohydrate is starch. This starch comprises 65-80% of the dry weight of the tuber, is calorifically the most important nutritional component. Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then washed out and dried to powder. Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white color, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength, long texture and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution. Potato starch contains approximately 800 ppm phosphate bound to the starch; this increases the viscosity and gives the solution a slightly anionic character, a low gelatinization temperature (approximately 140 °F (60 °C)) and high swelling power. Starch is a tasteless, odorless, white amorphous powder, insoluble in water. All green plants store starch as nourishment for the future. Starch is one of the fundamental substances in the vegetable kingdom and is in existence abundantly in the natural world. Uses Starch is mainly used as material both in the manufacture of food and non-food products. In food processing a lot of starch is converted to starch hydrolysate. It is also used as a thickener in soups and gravies. Pre-gelatinized potato starch is used in considerable quantities in instant puddings, in which its properties are preferable to those of cereal starches. It is used in confectionery industry as a medium for molding cast candies such as jelly beans and gum drops, as a thickening agent in synthetic jellies, for sauces, soups, and stews. Potato starch tolerates higher temperatures than cornstarch when used as a thickener. It's a natural way to add moistness to many baked goods and as a dusting agent mixed with powdered sugar, for candy gums, chewing gums etc. It is also used in producing adhesives and dextrin’s, as a fermentation raw material, binder for tablets, and binder and extender for sausages. Starch derivatives are used in many recipes, for example in noodles, wine gums, cocktail nuts, potato chips, hot dog sausages, bakery and instant soups and sauces, in gluten-free recipes in kosher foods for Passover and in Asian cuisine. In pastry, e.g. sponge cake, it is used to keep the cake moist and give a soft texture. It is also occasionally used in the preparation of pre-packed grated cheese, to reduce sweating and binding. Market Survey Potato is a starch rich material with about 12-25 per cent starch in Indian varieties. In India, production of starch from potatoes is limited due to availability of cheaper sources of starch such as maize and tapioca. The pattern of world potato utilization indicates that over 2.8 per cent potato is used for starch extraction. The enormous amount for waste potatoes available, if used for starch production would not only result in value added products, but will also generate employment and save foreign exchange, it will also reduce cost of starch production from potatoes. The global starch consumption is expected to grow from 13.6 million tons in 2012 to 16.28 million tons by 2017, at an estimated CAGR of 3.5% from 2012 to 2017. The North America region is expected to continue its dominance on the global modified starch consumption, however, due to the increasing impact for demand of convenience health food, functional food, and the need to focus on alternate sources of starch, the Asian sub-continent is expected to drive the growth of the industry for the next few years. China and India are the leaders in the APAC market, driving the demand for modified starch because of the changing lifestyles and growing economies, boosting the need for convenience food sector. A second large consumer of starch hydrolysis products is the fermentation industry. Many fermentation processes run on starch hydrolysate. This is partly for cost reasons and partly because the organisms in use have been trained to prefer glucose to saccharose. The only exception is yeast, which traditionally grows best in molasses. Markets for virtually all fermentation-derived products, whether they are penicillin based, citric acids or amino acids, expand at high rates and add to the demand for starch hydrolysis products. Minor applications of starch syrups include their use in the manufacturing of sugar alcohols, particularly of Sorbitol; low calorie content and high degree of sweetness make sorbitol ideal for a number of different foods. Overall, the markets for starches and derivatives are expected to expand on a global scale at a substantial rate. Few Indian Major Players are as under Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 4500 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 517 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 899 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 47.00%
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Maize Processing Unit - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Maize is one of the cereal grains which has been produced throughout India and is placed 3rd position in agricultural base production. Maize is constituted by hull, germ, protein, starch and moisture. There is dry and wet milling process of manufacturing of starch, zein, germ and hulls. Starch is the basic constituent of maize and it is converted to liquid glucose by adopting series of digestion steps on starch. It will be basically enzyme and acid digestion system. It may be enzyme - enzyme system or only acid digestion system. In the production of liquid glucose there is some production of dextrose anhydride. Starch is a tasteless, odorless, white amorphous powder, insoluble in water. All green plants store Starch as nourishment for the future. Starch is one of the fundamental substances in the vegetable kingdom and is in existence abundantly in the natural world. Starch is produced from various sources such as corn (maize), tapioca etc. Starch is a mixture of two polymers namely amylase and amylopectine. Uses Pure Starches can be physically modified into various products of varied characteristics. Starch can be potentially used in large number of preparations. Its major applications are in textiles and paper manufacture and in food and pharmaceutical industries. Starch is used in the manufacture of number of products such as starch esters, starch phosphates, glucose, dextrose, sorbitol, ethyl alcohol etc. Glucose syrup is used in hard boiled sweets and many dairy products, as a granulating agent for tablet coating and as a vehicle for orally administered medical syrups in pharmaceuticals. Glucose syrup is used in the manufacture of canned foods, confectionery, bakery products, ice-creams, chewing tobacco, shoe polish and leather chemicals. Sorbitol is used as raw material for the manufacture of Vitamin-C and also as basic additive material in toothpaste, creams, cosmetics, paper and numerous food products. It can also be used as stabilizer and antioxidant in PVC resins, protective coatings, urethane rigid foams, elastomers etc. Market survey Maize (Corn) contains about 70% starch, other components being protein, fibers and fat. The basis of the maize milling process is the separation of the maize kernel into its different parts. Maize starch is produced by the wet milling process, which involves grinding of softened maize and separation of corn oil seeds (germs), gluten (proteins), fibers (husk) and finally pure starch. Karnataka, AP, Bihar, MP. UP and Rajasthan are the main maize producing areas. It is also produced in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, HP, Jammu Kashmir, and Orissa. Punjab, West Bengal etc. Expiry rate of maize is fixed according to Nizamabad mandi. Apart from Nizamabad, Karimnagar in AP is also a delivery centre. In Maharashtra, Jalna and Jalgaon are the delivery centres while in Karnataka, Davengere is a delivery centre. Nimbaheda in Rajasthan, Ratlam in MP and Bahraich in UP are the delivery centres which are approved by the NCDEX. Maize is also produced in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, HP, Jammu & Kashmir, Orissa, Punjab and West Bengal. Starch is the key ingredient in Food Industry, Pharma Industry, Cattle Feed, Paper and Textile Industry. Starch market is driven mainly by the dynamics in Pharma, Food, Paper and Textile Industries. Apart from the above, starch and starch derivates are increasingly used in manufacture of ethanol to be blended with petroleum products. The wet milling industry in India is limited to certain pockets such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka and Chattisgarh. There are about 17 wet milling units with a crushing capacity of about 3400 MT of maize/day. The average processing capacity of the units in India is 200 MT of maize/day. There are plants with as high crushing capacity as 400 MT/day. The starch is the main product of a maize processing unit, which is consumed in various other industries like food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, hotels and restaurants, etc. The other products include Gluten, Germ, Fibre (husk) and Corn Steep Liquor. Gluten has great demand in animal feed industry because of its high protein content (70%). Germ is expressed to extract germ oil which is a low cholesterol containing edible oil. Fibre, mainly the husk, is used by animal feed manufacturers. It has demand in wet form itself for animal feed. Corn Steep Liquor is one of the substrates for culture media for manufacturing of antibiotics and other microbial production systems. In India, Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Kolkata are the major markets for processed maize products. Other important markets include Bhopal, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Bangalore etc. Hence, Ahmedabad and Mumbai are the major trading centres for corn starch in India. As the supply demand gap is about 60% the starch can very easily be marketed in the Country and also Starch and Gluten have good Export Potential as well. India exports these products to Sri Lanka, South East Asian countries, Bangladesh and South Africa. The husk can be sold locally, the steep liquor which produce antibiotics and microbial products and corn oil can be marketed outside the state as there is good demand for it. Hence the maize processing unit if set up in the State, will flourish and catch up the market very easily. Glucose and Dextrose are the most important end uses of the product. The growth of liquid glucose in terms of its production has been at an annual compound growth of 6.3%. As regard Dextrose, the production of the same registered an annual compound growth rate of 8%. With such as appreciable growth rate of production of dextrose it is expected that the demand for starch would also substantially go up in the future. The paper industry also accounts for about 10% of the total consumption of starch. In this respect the growth of paper, and paperboard and also paper grade pulp in terms of installed capacity production and capacity utilization have been as under. Apart from these, food products industry is also growing appreciably over a period of time, which would also an increasing demand for starch. Few Indian Major Players are as under Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 60,900 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 420 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 1229 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 59.00%
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Aluminium Fluoride - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Aluminium fluoride is used in many industrial processes. It is one of the minor constituents added to the electrolytic cells during the production of metallic aluminium. It is also used in the preparation of white enamels, as an anti-reflection coating in complex optical systems, as a constituent in welding fluxes, and in the preparation of fluorine containing glasses, Aluminium fluoride (AlF3) is an inorganic compound used primarily in the production of aluminium. This colorless solid can be prepared synthetically but also occurs in nature. It is used in the production of aluminium metal. Uses Aluminium fluoride is primarily used in the production of aluminium. It is a critical additive to the molten electrolyte in aluminium metal production. Using today's technologies, it is impossible to manufacture aluminium without AIF3. Adding AIF3 allows the electrolytic process to take place at a temperature around 850°C, which is considerably lower than the melting point for aluminium oxide (Al2O3, mp ab. 1,500°C). As a result of its temperature-lowering properties, AlF3 has a definite energy saving effect. The industrial and use categories of AlF3 are IC8, UC40 and UC43. The main use of AlF3 is as a temperature-regulating agent, a pH-regulator and as a solubility enhancer of aluminium oxide in the electrolyte solution in the production process of aluminium. The use of AlF3 as such results in a lowering of the energy consumption in the aluminium pot. The raw material (aluminium oxide) is melted and split in aluminium and oxygen. The minor downstream uses of AlF3 are for metal treatment and for optical coating as an essential component of antireflective coatings and in semiconductors. A total of 52 tonnes of AlF3 was sold to traders, for which it is also assumed that it is used for other purposes than aluminium production. As no other significant uses were reported, neither by producers nor by downstream users, it is assumed that the main application is for production of aluminium, which is in general agreement with the information provided by the producers (> 99.6% used for aluminium production). As a consequence the risk assessment will focus on this particular use. Market Survey The Indian aluminium industry’s enthusiasm to grow smelting capacity on an ambitious scale here and abroad - the wanderlust is that of Nalco - was not dimmed in any way by the adverse performance of the metal during the recession. If all projects of Hindalco get commissioned on revised schedule, then it will see smelting capacity rising to 1.7 million tonnes from 500,000 tonnes and alumina refining capacity to 6.5 million tonnes from 1.7 million tonnes by 2013. Meanwhile, Novelis acquisition has given Hindalco global leadership in that value added segment where path breaking technologies are in application. Vedanta has arrived on the Indian aluminium scene much later than Hindalco and Nalco. While it has made up for the lost time by gaining control of Balco and Madras Aluminium, Vedanta is aggressively building new capacity through greenfield and brownfield routes. Aluminium fluoride (otherwise known as aluminum trifluoride) is a crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water. It is mainly used in the production of aluminum metal. Aluminium Fluoride is able to decrease the melting point of electrolytes in the smelting process and improve the production efficiency. It is also utilized as a flux in welding applications; in the manufacture of ceramics and glass; in the making of aluminum silicates. The aluminium fluoride industry comprises a large number of players operating the world over. Lifosa AB, South Ural Cryolite Plant OJSC, Do-Fluoride Chemicals Co. Ltd. and S. B. Chemicals are amidst the most prominent manufacturers. The electrolytic bath in an aluminium electrolysis cell contains 80% synthetic cryolite (AlF3). Operating losses of fluorine from the cell are made up almost exclusively by the addition of further AlF3. The recent global economic crisis brought to the forefront and accelerated trends in the AlF3 market which have been evident for some time. It has become even more apparent that aluminium smelting should be carried out where the producer has access to energy sources which are abundant and relatively inexpensive. Similarly AlF3, which depends more on raw materials than energy, should be manufactured where the raw materials are abundantly available at a reasonable cost. It does not matter where the customers for aluminium or AlF3 are located but it does matter where the energy and raw materials are located.
Plant capacity: 6700 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 518 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 1794 Lakhs
Return: 29.00%Break even: 50.00%
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Activated Carbon (From Coconut Shell) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

Activated carbon shows high absorptivity for gases, vapors and colloidal solids in either the gas ion or liquid phase. It is available in many forms such as pellets, granules and in powder form. Activated carbon is very important chemical, has wide application and employed by numerous industries which require absorption of certain gases and vapors in purification, in catalytic chemical reactions, decolorisation of vegetable oil and sugar solutions. Activated carbons have a large surface area, liquid phase activated carbons are light in weight, fluffy powder while gas phase activated carbons are hard and are in the form of pellets. Many carbons of industrial value are prepared from coal and from organic vegetable and animal matter. A large variety of raw materials are available for the manufacture of different forms of activated carbon such as, Coal, petroleum coke, and wood charcoal are activated by gas activation; Industrial waste e.g. raw dust, bagasse, molasses, straw, tanbark waste, coconut pericarp and shell, corn cobs, paddy and ground nut husk, cocoa been shell, distillery slop, waste Mahua flowers, waste wood pulp liquor, and filter press mud from sugar factories etc. Uses & Application • For Purification of liquids: the powdered form of activated carbon is added to the liquid to be purified and the mixture is agitated and finally filtered. • Granulated activated carbons are used for purification of gases or liquids and are used in a vertical carbon packed column. • Removing or improving the color and flavor of edible materials, such as agar, beer, cider, wines whisky, vinegar, fruit juices, gelatin, pectin, and cocoa butter. • Removing color, odor grease and colloids from dry cleaning fluids such as naphtha, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, etc. • Dephenolizing effluent gas works liquor. • Removing oil and grease from boiler feed water and electroplating solutions. • Recovering iodine from sea water, and bromine from brines, • Reclaiming aniline, benzene, phenol, and camphor from trade wastes. • Preparation of biological products like vitamins hormones, and enzymes. • Activated carbons have been used as carriers for catalyst in the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are used as catalytic dehydrogenation agents in the production of ketones from higher alcohols. • Gas adsorbent carbon is employed for the recovery of gasoline from natural gas. • It is also used for the removal of hydrogen sulphide from town gas, for purification of carbon dioxide from distillery gases, and for the maintenance of vacuum in containers for liquid air and, generally in vacuum flasks. • Activated carbon is used in the preparation of pills and digestive tablets, utilized in the treatment of ailments of the stomach due to hyper acidity, its large doses, either alone or mixed with Karoline, are administered for diarrhea. • It is used as a dressing for suppurating wounds, used as an antidote to various forms of poisoning, especially those due to mercury salts strychnine, phenol, morphine, atropine, oxalic acid, mushroom, and poisons for which other antidotes are not available. Market Survey The activated carbon industry consists of more than 50 units spread countrywide most of which are in small-scale industrial sector (SSI Sector). Of the total number of units in operation, only 10 to 12 units cater to the national market while the other serve the local or regional markets. In general activated carbon is manufactured in the northern region from wood charcoal (mostly made from pinewood) whereas in the southern region, it is made from charcoal of the hard shell of coconut. The domestic market for activated carbon is fast expanding with rapid growth of several end user industries. The demand from the vegetable oil industry – the largest consumer of activated carbon is 24,000 tones. The capacity utilization ratio is reported to around 85%. In such circumstances effected by higher demand as compared to shorter supply, end user industries have to depend partially on the imports and partially on the lower consumption of activated carbon at their units. The demand for carbon black is going up in India, due to the steady rise in automobile sales and its direct correlation with the tyre industry. Total installed carbon black capacity in India now stands at 700,000MT. With a brisk pick-up in the tyre sector, demand for carbon black is expected to increase 8% to 10% per annum in the domestic market. Global Demand:- The global activated carbon industry is estimated to be around 1.1 million metric ton. Demand for virgin activated carbon is expected to rise by around 10% annually through 2014, worldwide. The global activated carbon market was worth $1.8 billion in 2011 and is estimated to reach $3 billion by 2016, growing at a CAGR of 11.1% from 2011 to 2016. The demand for activated carbon (AC) is expected to grow due to the new demand in mercury control technology for industrial air purification applications. Demand for activated carbon in mercury control applications alone is forecast to grow more than fivefold to 520 million pounds. Since powdered activated carbon (PAC) is overwhelmingly the product type used in mercury control technology, the PAC segment will expand to account for two-thirds of US product demand in 2014 in volume terms. Granular activated carbon (GAC) types will see strong gains through 2014 as well, due primarily to expanded use of activated carbon filter systems in municipal drinking water treatment. World demand for virgin activated carbon is forecast to expand an impressive 9.0 percent per annum through 2014 to 1.7 million metric tons. The US represents the largest national market for activated carbon in the world. ? Current world demand for carbon black is estimated to be 10.4 million tones a year against an installed capacity of 14.26 million tones indicating supply is outstripping demand. According to industry sources, global carbon black capacity is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.3% between 2011 and 2015 even as demand is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5%. Demand for carbon black in overseas markets, particularly the US and Japan, has started picking up in the recent past, with China, India, and Central and Eastern Europe showing much higher demand. Few Major Players are listed below: Indo German Carbons Ltd. Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. Triton Laboratories Ltd.
Plant capacity: 1500 MT/annumPlant & machinery: 157 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: 380 Lakhs
Return: 47.00%Break even: 40.00%
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