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Investment Opportunities & Business Ideas in Nigeria, West Africa - Identification and Selection of right Project, Thrust areas for Investment, Industry Startup and Entrepreneurship Projects

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ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE DIOXIDE - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

EMD is a complex composite of various crystals of manganese and oxygen that is produced through electro-winning. It is used primarily as the active constituent of alkaline batteries and increasingly as the feedstock for the cathodic material in lithium-ion batteries. The structure of EMD is highly disordered, but predominantly made up of the manganese dioxide crystal ramsdellite, depicted here, with the red balls signifying the oxygen atoms in the green manganese dioxide crystal lattice. Electrolytic manganese dioxide is a high purity product with molecular formula MnO2 that possesses the ‘recipe specific’ electrical characteristics desired by battery producers. Natural manganese dioxide (NMD) can be used in the Leclanche cells. But in alkaline, lithium and other batteries, synthetic managanese dioxide with higher purity is required. Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used as a cathode mixture material for dry cell batteries, such as alkaline batteries, zinc-carbon batteries rechargeable alkaline batteries. Among the large variety of manganese dioxides, y-type managanese dioxide is extensively used, as y-variety compounds have high intercalation voltage. They have the ability to maintain high discharge rates, a good performance over a wide temperature range and have a long storage life. EMD is stable under normal temperature conditions. ELECTROLYTIC MAGNESIUM DIOXIDE NUCLEATION: Electrolytic manganese dioxide has been used worldwide in the manufacture of primary ZnMnO2 alkaline and Lechlanche type cells for decades. Their low cost and reliability impair their replacement by higher performance and secondary batteries. The performance of these batteries depends on the manufacture method of the manganese oxide due to the variation of the properties of the oxide with its crystallite size, density of lattice imperfections and extent of hydration. Sometimes the intercalation of lithium ions is carried out to improve performance characteristics of MnO2, for high energy density and high drain power application. Electrolytic manganese dioxide are doped with Bi, Pb and Ti ions is used for the manufacture of rechargeable alkaline manganese oxide cells. These ions are known to stabilize the MnO2 lattice towards dimensional changes that occur during charging and discharging cycles of the cells. The production of EMD is carried out through the electrolysis of hot MnSO4 and sulphuric acid solutions. Stainless steel or lead is the materials normally used as cathode, where hydrogen evolution takes place. Carbon, lead or titanium can be used as anode. Titanium anodes are preferred because the EMD is purer than that obtained with carbon and lead anodes. MARKET SCENARIO: As electric vehicles penetrate the auto market, EMD demand stands to benefit. The launch of electric cars and their expanding production is expected to increase demand for EMD for use in lithium-ion secondary batteries cathodes of the lithium manganese oxide and tertiary compound type. The highest potential growth segment for EMD is in large scale rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles and electronics. At present, the rechargeable manganese battery segments account for less than 10% of total EMD demand. Alkaline batteries are a low growth end use, expected to track well below GDP growth rates over the forecast period. In small scale electronics, EMD use projected at historical growth rates of 4%. EMD is mostly used in alkaline and other small scale, consumer electronic batteries. World demand is estimated around 3,50,000 metric tonnes per annum in 2012 with growth rate in demand around 5%.
Plant capacity: Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide 5 MT Per DayPlant & machinery: 89 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: 576 Lakhs
Return: 27.00%Break even: 57.00%
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ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SAW DUST & COCONUT SHELL - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

Activated Carbon is a unique material because of the way it is filled with holes (voids, spaces, sites, pores,) whatever the size of molecules. It is that, although they are spaces of zero electron density, these pores possess intense vander wall forces (from the near proximity of carbon atoms). Activated carbon is a non graphitic form of carbon, which could be produced by activation of any carbonaceous material such as coconut shells, bamboo, wood chips, sawdust, coal, lignite, paddy husk etc. The process of activation is carried out in two stages. The raw material is first carbonized and then activated either by chemicals or by steam to derive the highly porous structure. Shell based activated carbon is extensively used in the process of refining and bleaching of vegetable oils and chemical solutions, water purification, recovery of solvents, recovery of gold, in gas masks for protection against toxic gases, in filters for providing adequate protection against war gases/nuclear fall outs, etc. Uses and Application A wide variety of activated carbon products are available exhibiting markedly different characteristics depending upon the raw material and activation of technique used in their production. In selecting the activated carbon it is important to have a clear understanding of both the adsorptive and physical characteristics of the material in order to optimize the performance capabilities. Activated Carbon of three grades namely powder, granular and pelletlized finds hundreds of different applications. By chemical activation, predominantly powder activated carbons are made and these qualities are mostly used for wastewater treatment. Granular products and pellets used for gas purification are predominantly made by gas steam activation. To cite some examples from the numerous applications: decolorization of sugar and sweeteners, drinking water treatment, gold recovery, production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, catalytic process, off gas treatment of waste incinerators, automotive vapor filters, color/odor correction in wines and fruit juices. Market Survey The global activated carbon market was worth $1.8 billion in 2011 and is estimated to reach $3 billion by 2016, growing at a CAGR of 11.1% from 2011 to 2016. The powdered and granular activated carbon segments are the key revenue generators for the activated carbon market. The demand for activated carbon (AC) is expected to grow due to the new demand in mercury control technology for industrial air purification applications.
Plant capacity: 6000 MT/ Annum Plant & machinery: 181 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: 1070 Lakhs
Return: 43.00%Break even: 37.00%
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TYRES (FOR THREE WHEELERS AND MEDIUM SIZE FOUR WHEELERS) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Plant Layout

A tyre is an assembly of numerous components that are built up on a drum and then cured in a press under heat and pressure. Heat facilitates a polymerization reaction that cross links rubber monomers to create long elastic molecules. These polymers create the elastic quality that permits the tyre to be compressed in the area where the tyre contacts the road surface and spring back to its original shape under high frequency cycles. The wheel is one of the greatest inventions in human history due to its wide range of applications. These applications include any type of transportation; whether it is people, materials, or equipment being moved. Charles Goodyear invented the first rubber tyres in 1839. Before the advent of these tyres, riding in a car was very uncomfortable due to the rough ride. Types of Tyre The tyre provides a cushion between the vehicle and the road to reduce the transmission of road shocks. It also provides friction to allow the vehicle perform its normal operations. Modern tyres are manufactured from a range of materials. The rubber is mainly synthetic. Two types of tyre construction are common cross ply and radial. Most passenger cars now use radial tyres, as do most wheel drives and heavy vehicles. Tube tyres require an inner tube to seal the air inside the tyre. Uses & Application Transportation, Stack/Lift, Multi Purpose and Earth Mover. Market Survey The Indian tyre industry has come of age with the manufacture of almost all types of tyres. The industry has an estimated turnover of close to Rs 200 bn. It is made up of 40 players with an installed capacity of 57.3 mn tyres. The industry claims a perceptible export market. The demand of tyres flows from three segments original equipment manufacturers, re placements and exports. Of the three, the replacement market is the primary source of demand, followed by the equipment manufacturers (OEM) segment and exports. The Indian tyre industry has come of age with the manufacture of almost all types of tyres. The industry has an estimated turnover of close to Rs 200 bn. It is made up of 40 players with an installed capacity of 57.3 mn tyres. The industry claims a perceptible export market. The tyre industry in India has had a long history of over 75 years. Three major multi nationals, Firestone, Goodyear and Dunlop, have been operating for a long time. Later came in CEAT. During the 1960s and 1970s the dominance of the MNCs was greatly diluted with the entry of Premier, Inchek and MRF. The Indian presence did not stop there. Several new Indian plants were set up, which included those of Modis, JKs, Raunaq Singh group's Apollo Tyres, TVS group and Vikrant. Few Indian Major Players are as Under: Apollo Tyres Ltd. Balkrishna Industries Ltd. Bridgestone India Pvt. Ltd. Ceat Ltd. Dunlop India Ltd. Falcon Tyres Ltd. Goodyear India Ltd. Goodyear South Asia Tyres Pvt. Ltd. Govind Rubber Ltd. J K Tyre & Inds. Ltd. Kesoram Industries Ltd. M R F Ltd. Malhotra Rubbers Ltd. Metro Tyres Ltd. Modi Tyres Co. Ltd. Modistone Ltd. Monotona Tyres Ltd. Pavan Tyres Ltd. [Merged] Poddar Tyres Ltd. Raam Tyres Ltd. Rado Tyres Ltd. Ralson (India) Ltd. Ralson Industries Ltd. S Kumars Tyre Mfg. Co. Ltd. Suntec Tyres Ltd. T V S Srichakra Ltd. Tariq Development & Leasing Pvt. Ltd. Vikrant Tyres Ltd. [Merged]
Plant capacity: 2000 Nos./ dayPlant & machinery: 1132 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : 1908 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 48.00%
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MAIZE & ITS BY PRODUCTS - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Maize is one of the cereal grains which produces through out India and is placed 3rd position in agricultural base production. Maize is constituted by hull, germ, protein, starch and moisture. There is dry and wet milling process of manufacturing of starch, zein, germ and hulls. Starch is the basic constituent of maize and it is converted to liquid glucose by adopting series of digestion steps on starch. It will be basically enzyme and acid digestion system. It may be enzyme enzyme system or only acid digestion system. In the production of liquid glucose there is some production of dextrose anhydride. There are several plant and machinery required for the production of dextrose such as Digestion Tank, Digestion Column, Jacketed Reaction Kettle, Ion Exchange Column, Receiver Vessels, Packing Machine and Weighing Machine. For testing the product there is requirement of Spectrophotometer, Glass cylinder, etc. As a whole it can be concluded that there is availability of raw materials according to market demand and it can be stored for long time in the dry place. Handling of the raw material is not difficult. Starch is a tasteless, odorless, white amorphous powder, insoluble in water. All green plants store Starch as nourishment for the future. Starch is one of the fundamental substances in the vegetable kingdom and is in existence abundantly in the natural world. Starch is produced from various sources such as corn (maize), tapioca etc. Starch is a mixture of two polymers namely amylase and amylospectin. Uses & Applications Pure Starches can be physically modified into various products of varied characteristics. Starch can be potentially used in large number of preparations. Its major applications are in textiles and paper manufacture and in food and pharmaceutical industries. Starch is used in the manufacture of number of products such as starch esters, starch phosphates, glucose, dextrose, sorbitol, ethyl alcohol etc. Industry & Specific Uses Food, Paper, Adhesives, Textiles and Many more. Market Survey Maize (Corn) contains about 70% starch, other components being protein, fibers and fat. The basis of the maize milling process is the separation of the maize kernel into its different parts. Maize starch is produced by the wet milling process, which involves grinding of softened maize and separation of corn oil seeds (germs), gluten (proteins), fibers (husk) and finally pure starch. Maize is doing wonderful things in our everyday life. Maize is present in one form or other in: The Food we eat, The Milk we drink, The Chocolates/Biscuits we take, The Clothes we wear, The Paper we read and The Medicines we take. Karnataka, AP, Bihar, MP. UP and Rajasthan are the main maize producing areas. It is also produced in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, HP, Jammu Kashmir, and Orissa. Punjab, West Bengal etc. Expiry rate of maize is fixed according to Nizamabad mandi. Apart from Nizamabad, Karimnagar in AP is also a delivery centre. In Maharashtra, Jalna and Jalgaon are the delivery centres while in Karnataka, Davengere is a delivery centre. Nimbaheda in Rajasthan, Ratlam in MP and Bahraich in UP are the delivery centres which are approved by the NCDEX There is a very good scope and ample space for growth in this field. New entrepreneurs should venture into this field. Few Indian Major Players are as Under: Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. English Indian Clays Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Exports Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd. Cost Estimation Capacity : 15750 Mt Starch/ Annum 3775 MT Liquid Glucose/ Annum 13500 MT Dextrose Monohydrate/ Annum 1800 MT Oxidise Starch/ Annum 2700 MT Hull By Product/ Annum 5400 MT Zein By Product/ Annum 3150 MT Germ By Product/ Annum
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: 349 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : 1137 Lakhs
Return: 57.00%Break even: 60.00%
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Starch & Starch Derivatives (Starch, Glucose, Maltodextrin, High Maltose Syrup & Powder, Dextrose Monohydrate, Dextrose Anhydrate & Sorbitol)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey

Maize (Zea mays) is classified into dent, flint, waxy, sweet and pop corn categories. Dent corn also known as field corn, containing both hard and soft starch, becomes indented at maturity. Flint corn having hard, horny, rounded or short and flat kernels; with the soft and starchy endosperm is enclosed by hard outer layer. Both of these varieties are used for industrial purposes. Popcorn has small pointed and rounded kernels with very hard endosperm which on exposure to dry heat popped or evereted by the expulsion of the contained moisture and forming a White starchy mass many times the size of the original kernel. Sweet corn is distinguished by kernels containing a high percentage of sugar in the milk stage and therefore suitable for table use. Indian maize has white, red, purple, brown or multicoloured kernels and is characteristically dent corn. The dent corn is useful for starch processing by wet milling method. Among all cereals, maize occupies the fifth largest in area, fourth largest in output and third largest in yield. India is the tenth largest producer with a production of 11.10 mMT from an area of 6.6 million ha. The average yield in India is 1.77 MT/ha which is very low as against 7 MT/ha in temperate areas of developed economies and 3.8 MT/ha of global average. USES Maize starch chemical formula (C6H10O5)n also know as Corn starch or flour is a fundamental ingredient in most of the packaged food and industrial products; it is extracted from the corn kernel and has a distinctive appreance and feed. Maize starch in natural ,modified, pregeletanised and dextrinised forms provides viscosity, texture and other desired properties to all types of food & paper, products from canned chilled frozen to microwaveable goods, dry mixes and extruded snacks. Practically every industry in existence uses starch or its derivatives in one form or another. Market Survey Starch is not an uniform commodity, however. It is a heterogeneous commodity used in the manufacture of myriad food and non food products. Market demand for starch is strongly and positively correlated with average per capita income. Starch extracted from different commodities has different properties. Many end users require specific kinds of starch for making their products, and therefore demand starch derived from specific commodities. If the kind of starch they require is not available, then starch may undergo further processing and modification. The demand for modified starch is increasing rapidly but is still far below that of native starch (also called primary starch) in developing countries. Further, starch quality may be affected by post harvest practices. India is the tenth largest producer with a production of 11.10 million MT from an area of 6.6 million ha. The quantity of starch consumed in food and non food products in a country is closely associated with the level of economic development and income of that country. As per capita incomes rise, consumers demand a more varied set of food and manufactured products that use starch in their making. Thus, there is a close and positive relationship between income and quantity of starch demanded. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. [Merged] E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. [Merged] Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. [Merged] Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. [Merged] Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd. [Merged] Cost Estimation Capacity Maize Starch : 100 MT/Day Liquid Glucose : 50 MT/Day Malto Dextrin Syrup : 20 MT/ Day Malto Dextrin Powder: 10 MT/ Day Dextrose Monohydrate: 50 MT/ Day Dextrose Anhydrous: 30 MT/ Day Sorbitol : 50 MT /Day Cattle Feed as By Product :150 Mt/ Day
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: Rs.145 Crores
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs.213 Crores
Return: 44.00%Break even: 31.00%
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Starch & Allied Products from Maize with Co Generation Plant - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Plant Layout

Maize is third important cereal/crop after wheat and rice and has a great potential of processing due to its high nutritive value and commercial uses. Maize (also known as corn) is common name for a cereal grass widely grown for food and livestock fodder. The major maize growing states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka and Jammu & Kashmir, jointly accounting for over 95% of the national maize production. Maize ranks with wheat and rice as one of the world’s chief grain crops. Starch is produced from maize than any other crop. Starch is a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer and readily available from agriculture. It is widely used in food and non food applications and isolated from crops such as maize, potatoes, tapioca, rice and wheat. Starch is therefore an inexpensive and commodity material. For packaging use however, dry starch is not thermoplastic and its granular form is unsuitable for most uses in the plastics industry, mainly due to processing difficulties during extrusion or injection moulding. Uses Maize starch is used in the textile industry as an adhesive to strengthen yarn and to improve its resistance to abrasion during weaving. It is used in finishing changing the appearance after it is bleached, dyed and printed. It is used in printing of textiles to increase the consistency of the printing paste. It is used for glazing and polishing sewing thread. It is used as a thickener in improving the texture of many foods. Texture is a major factor in the acceptability and palatability of most food products. It is used for thickening sauces, gravies, puddings and pie fillings. Maize starch makes hard wheat flour softer, which is preferred for cakes. Cornstarch is used to give strength to ice cream cones and sugar wafer shells. It is used as an inert ingredient in baking powder and in salad dressings. In paper industry it is used to increase paper strength, to increase stiffness and rattle of paper. Drugs and medicine are taken in small but accurate dose. This is done by their administration in the form of pills, which contain fillers. Starch is preferred because it is bland, odourless and easily capable of digestion. Starch is also used in foundry industry. The major use of raw starches as abrasives is in corrugated boards, laminated paperboard etc. Market Survey Market demand for starch is strongly and positively correlated with average per capita income. Starch extracted from different commodities has different properties. Many end users require specific kinds of starch for making their products, and therefore demand starch derived from specific commodities. India is the tenth largest producer with a production of 11.10 million MT from an area of 6.6 million ha. Demand for starch is high from varied users like food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, packaging etc. The demand is likely to increase to 186 lakh MT by 2013 2014. The trends in India indicate that coarse cereals are now increasingly used as industrial products such as starches. Efforts are required to develop high yielding varieties of coarse with desired characteristics for different uses and to explore new food uses. The growth of glucose industry is also understood to have grown more or less at the same rate. Further the capacity utilization on an average is also under stood to be at around 45% in case of glucose industry. With the increasing demand and with increasing capacity utilization, it is expected that the glucose production would also increase substantially in the future and thereby it would contribute to the demand for starch as well in the future. With such a growth, the demand for liquid glucose is also simultaneously increasing which account for a major consumption in the industry. There is larger amount of raw material available in India, which can exploit by manufacturing different available product in the maize. All the products manufactured from maize are food base product so it has very good market demand now as well as it will be stay in future also due to rapid population growth. As a whole the project is good one. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd. ? Cost Estimation Capacity Starch : 100 MT/Day Dextrose Monohydrate : 13 MT/ Day Dextrose Anhydrous : 10 MT/ Day Sorbitol : 17 MT /Day Vitamin C : 0.5 MT /Day Gluten Feed : 22.50 MT/ Day Germ Oil : 10.00 MT/ Day
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: Rs.1029 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs.2807 Lakhs
Return: 52.00%Break even: 30.00%
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Sorbitol - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics

Sorbitol is one of many sugar alcohols found in nature that gets metabolized slower in our bodies than other normal dietary sugars. Also known as glucitol, sorbitol is a result of the hydrogenation of the aldehyde moiety of glucose, giving glucose a terminal hydroxyl group. This is significant in its pharmacology and lower caloric yield. Sorbitol is low caloric refined sugar alcohol, which is produced from dextrose. Chemically it is hexahydric alcohol and is also known as hexatol, D Glucitol and D Sorbitol. Chemically, Sorbitol is a hexitol, C6H14O6, found in nature as the sweet constituent of many berries and fruits best known from Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan or European Rowan) from which it was isolated for the first time in 1872. Sorbitol is today commercially produced from starch by enzymatic hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenation. It has wide applications as a sweetener and humectant. Sorbitol has a smooth mouth feel with a sweet, cool and pleasant taste. It shares many applications with propylene glycol and glycerine and glycerine provides hard competition in the market for humectants. Sorbitol acts as a crystallization modifier or inhibitor; it can prevent syrups from forming crystals of sugar. It is used to add body and viscosity to mixtures, and can protect against damage from freezing (cryoprotectant) and drying. Applications & Uses Sorbitol, together with other polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, is one of the ingredients in alkyl resins and rigid polyurethane foams manufacturing. In tobacco industries, sorbitol may give mild effect in sniff, good humectant agent, and avoid acrolein formation which formed in burned glycerine. Sorbitol is used as softener and colour stabiliser in textiles and as softener in leather industries. Sorbitol sweet tastes form a viscous solution, stabilises moisture, possesses bacterio static property and is generally chemically inert. These features and properties make sorbitol an ideal and preferred ingredient in many products. It is being used by pharmaceutical industry, tooth paste manufacturers, food products industry, Oral Hygiene, Skin Cream and Cream Foundation, Textiles, Tobacco, Confectionery, Cosmetics, Emulsion, Diabetic Diets and many others. The increasing use of sorbitol in various end uses has made many big manufacturers to take interest in manufacturing of this. Looking to the trends the world economy. Market Survey Sorbitol is an organic chemical, having varied end uses. It is edible, non crystalline, odorless, white powder and having sweet cooling taste. It is highly soluble in water and slightly in methylalcohol. Sorbitol solutions are high stable. It is marketed mostly in the form of 70 per cent solution. The process involved is very simple, raw materials are indigenously available, technical knowhow is easily available and all these make the project very attractive one. An attempt is made here to study the state and structure of the industry. It is felt that sorbitol will have a very good future. The demand for sorbitol would depend upon the development of its end uses and the shape these end uses industries are likely to take in the future. Pharma and the dentifrice sector are expected to continue dominating the market for sorbitol. A newly developing outlet for sorbitol is its use in producing clarifying agents for polypropylene. Clarifying agents enable polypropylene to substitute for higher cost polymers in food packaging, drinking cups and house wares. Demand for transparent packages and resin moldings are increasing worldwide. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Amaravati Agro Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd.
Plant capacity: 47 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 869 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs. 1235 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 41.00%
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Blending of Lube Oil from Mineral Base Oil - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. One of the single largest applications for lubricants, in the form of motor oil, is protecting the internal combustion engines in motor vehicles and powered equipment. Typically lubricants contain 90% base oil (most often petroleum fractions, called mineral oils) and less than 10% additives. Vegetable oils or synthetic liquids such as hydrogenated polyolefins, esters, silicones, fluorocarbons and many others are sometimes used as base oils. Additives deliver reduced friction and wear, increased viscosity, improved viscosity index, resistance to corrosion and oxidation, aging or contamination, etc. Lubricants such as 2 cycle oil are added to fuels like gasoline which has low lubricity. Sulfur impurities in fuels also provide some lubrication properties, which has to be taken in account when switching to a low sulfur diesel; biodiesel is a popular diesel fuel additive providing additional lubricity. Uses Automotive, Engine oils, Petrol (Gasoline) engine oils, Diesel engine oils, Automatic transmission fluid, Gearbox fluids, Brake fluids, Hydraulic fluids, Tractor (one lubricant for all systems), Universal Tractor Transmission Oil – UTTO, Super Tractor Oil Universal – STOU – includes engine, Other motors, 2 stroke engine oils, Industrial, Hydraulic oils, Air compressor oils, Gas Compressor oils, Gear oils, Bearing and circulating system oils, Refrigerator compressor oils, Steam and gas turbine oils, Aviation, Gas turbine engine oils, Piston engine oils, Marine, Crosshead cylinder oils, Crosshead Crankcase oils, Trunk piston engine oils, Stern tube lubricants. Market Survey The lubricating oil and grease market in India is of the order of about 4.6 mn tonne and is growing at around 4.5% annually. The moderate growth is paradoxically due to the supply of better quality of lubricants which have longer servicing capability. The lube market consists of two major segments, automotive and industrial, the two having a market share of 65% and 35%, respectively. Most of the competition is crowding into the first category. In the automotive segment, while cars and two/three wheelers segment accounts for 37% of the market, diesel operated engines, trucks and other heavy vehicles have the bulk share of 63%. The market has got increasingly specialised. Two major features of the product trans formation are eco friendliness and energy efficiency. Accordingly, biodegradable oils and long life greases will be in greater demand. Aviation and defense lubricants have been specialised areas which require very meticulous adherence to specifications. Aviation lubricants demand high value addition and is expected to grow faster with commercial aviation. The global lubricant market is generally competitive with numerous manufacturers and marketers. Overall the western market may be considered mature with a flat to declining overall volumes while there is strong growth in the emerging economies. The lubricant marketers generally pursue one or more of the following strategies when pursuing business. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Alicid Organic Inds. Ltd. Asia Refinery Ltd. Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Bharat Shell Ltd. Burmah Petro Products Ltd. Caltex Lubricants India Ltd. Canara Sales Corpn. Ltd. Castrol India Ltd. Chemoleums Ltd. Continental Petroleums Ltd. Gantley Speciality Products Ltd. Gujarat Indo Lube Ltd. Gujarat Oiland Inds. Ltd. Gujarat Speciality Lubes Ltd. Gulf Carosserie India Ltd. Gulf Oil Corpn. Ltd. Gulf Oil India Limited [Merged] Gulf Oil India Ltd. [Merged] Houghton Hardcastle (I) Ltd. Iccon Oil & Specialities Ltd. Indian Additives Ltd. Indian Oil Blending Ltd. [Merged] Lubrizol India Pvt. Ltd. M P Petrochem Ltd. Motorol (India) Ltd. Motorol Speciality Oils Ltd. Nandan Petrochem Ltd. Panama Petrochem Ltd. Paras Lubricants Ltd. Petrosil Lubricants Ltd. Powerlink Oil Refinery Ltd. Renaissance Petrolube Ltd. Sagar Petroleums Ltd. Sah Petroleums Ltd. Savita Oil Technologies Ltd. Savita Polymers Ltd. Shiva Petro Synth Specialities Ltd. Southern Refineries Ltd. Speciality Petrolubes Ltd. Sunstar Lubricants Ltd. Tata B P Lubricants India Ltd. [Merged] Tide Water Oil Co. (India) Ltd. Total Lubricants India Ltd. Unique Oils India Ltd. Universal Petrochemicals Ltd. Valvoline Cummins Ltd. Velloils Lubricants & Petrochem Ltd. Waxpol Industries Ltd. Witmans Petrochem Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 25 Million Ltrs./AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 487 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs. 1557 Lakhs
Return: 43.00%Break even: 44.00%
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Cassava Starch (Tapioca Starch)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Starch (C6H10O5)n, the principal reserve poly Saccharide in plants constitutes substantial portion of human diet. It is the principal components of most seeds, tubers, and roots, and is produced commercially from Wheat, Rice, Tapioca, Potato, Sago, and other sources. Starch is a mixture of linear (amylase) and branches (amylopection) polymers of alpha D glucopyranosyl units. Natural starch occurs usually as granules composed of both linear and branch starch molecular. However, some starches are composed only of branched molecule and there are termed waxy starches because of the Vitreous sheen of a cut sheet surface. The roots of tapioca plant (Manihol uteillissima) forms one of the major sources of starch ranking next is potato in the consumption Undamaged starch granules are insoluble in cold water but impipe water reversibly and swell slightly. Hydrolysis of starch is an important industrial reaction which is accomplished by acid, enzymes or both. Starch gives a characteristic blue color with Iodine. This characteristic blue colour has burned both over qualitative and quantitative test for starch in various systems. Cassava has many advantages for starch production: High level of purity; Excellent thickening characteristics; A neutral (bland) taste; Desirable textural characteristics; A relatively cheap source of raw material containing a high concentration of starch (dry matter basis) that can equal or surpass the properties offered by other starches (maize, wheat, sweet potato and rice). Uses Unmodified starch is mainly is nonfood application in the naming adhesive and paper Industries. Unmodified starches are used for the manufacture of gun candies because they form hot concentrated pastes that gel firmly on cooling. Heat treated starches are used in food applications to bind and carry flavors and colors. Swelling agents are made from starch by enzymatic or acid ferment. Starch derivatives like cation starch, starch phosphate and starch acetate has numerous uses. ? Market Survey Global starch consumption is projected to reach 133.5 million metric tons. Rise in per capita consumption, and growing demand for starch products from developing nations translates into a bright outlook for the sector. Starch end use applications have grown in number over the years, and now include diverse applications ranging from food and beverages to medicine, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and more. Usage of starch by the food industry is being fueled by the increasing number of government policies stipulating the usage of natural substances in food products. With the increasing demand for low fat and low calorie food, many food companies are replacing fats with gums and carbohydrates, such as starches and hydrocolloids. The major cassava starch and flour importers are, by order of importance, China, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and the Philippines. In India also, production of starch from potatoes is limited due to availability of cheaper sources of starch such as maize and tapioca. Few Indian Major Players are as under:- Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 80 MT/dayPlant & machinery: Rs.358 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs.737 Lakhs
Return: 36.00%Break even: 45.00%
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Lubricants Blending Plant Lubricants/Grease/Brake Fluid/Coolant) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study

A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity (Slipperiness). A good lubricant possesses the following characteristics: High boiling point; Low freezing point; High viscosity index Thermal stability; Corrosion prevention; High resistance to oxidation. A solid or semisolid lubricant consisting of a thickening agent (soap or other additives) in a fluid lubricant (usually petroleum lubricating oil) is called grease. Grease is a lubricant which has been thickened in order that it remains in contact with moving surfaces and not leak out under gravity or centrifugal action. Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible in their natural state the component molecules do not have internal voids and the molecules pack together well, so bulk forces are directly transferred to trying to compress the fluid's chemical bonds. A coolant is a fluid which flows through or around a device to prevent its overheating, transferring the heat produced by the device to other devices that use or dissipate it. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low cost, non toxic, and chemically inert, neither causing nor promoting corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator. Uses and Applications Lubricants perform the following key functions: keep moving parts apart; reduce friction; transfer heat; carry away contaminants & debris; transmit power; protect against wear; prevent corrosion; seal for gases; stop the risk of smoke and fire of objects and prevent rust. Functions of lubricating grease: reduce wear and tear; sealant to contaminants; prevent corrosion; prevent rust and increases heat transmission. Coolant compositions are used for a variety of applications. For instance, a paper discloses a coolant composition having glycol as a main component, which prevents iron and aluminum from being corroded, and in particular, has corrosion preventing properties for aluminum and aluminum alloys at high temperatures. Another data comprises an improved antifreeze coolant composition with certain additives that serve to increase the thermal stability of the glycol component of a glycol/water coolant composition and to reduce the tendency of the glycol component to degrade under elevated thermal conditions. They are also used for cold preservation of foods by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the freezing point which is substantially higher than 0°C. Brake fluids must maintain a low level of compressibility that remains low, even with varying temperatures. Market Survey Worldwide, there are 1380 lubricant manufacturers ranging from large to small. At present, there are about 180 such national and multinational oil companies engaged in manufacturing lubricants. The 1200 independent lubricant companies mainly concentrate on the manufacturing and marketing of lubricants and view lubricants as their core business. On one hand there are vertically integrated petroleum companies whose main business objective is the discovery, extraction and refining of crude oil. . While the large, integrated companies focus on high volume lubricants such as engine, gear and hydraulic oils, many independent lube companies concentrate on specialties and niche business, where apart from some tailor made lubricants, comprehensive and expert customer service is part of the package. Central and Eastern Europe account for the majority of worldwide grease usage. Followed by Asia Pacific, North America, Western Europe, Central and South America, Africa and the Middle East. A significant difference in the types of products used exists among these regions. Western Europe and North America typically require higher quality products than do Central and Eastern European users. Africa uses specialized products (such as greases for mining equipment) and the use of Polyurea products predominates in Asia. India reports a higher percentage of lithium, lithium complex and greases in comparison to the international data. This could be due to a difference in equipment lubrication demands in various parts of the India. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Alicid Organic Inds. Ltd. Asia Refinery Ltd. Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Bharat Shell Ltd. Burmah Petro Products Ltd. Caltex Lubricants India Ltd. Canara Sales Corpn. Ltd. Castrol India Ltd. Chemoleums Ltd. Continental Petroleums Ltd. Gantley Speciality Products Ltd. Gujarat Indo Lube Ltd. Gujarat Oiland Inds. Ltd. Gujarat Speciality Lubes Ltd. Gulf Carosserie India Ltd. Gulf Oil Corpn. Ltd. Gulf Oil India Limited [Merged] Gulf Oil India Ltd. [Merged] Houghton Hardcastle (I) Ltd. Iccon Oil & Specialities Ltd. Indian Additives Ltd. Indian Oil Blending Ltd. [Merged] Lubrizol India Pvt. Ltd. M P Petrochem Ltd. Motorol (India) Ltd. Motorol Speciality Oils Ltd. Nandan Petrochem Ltd. Panama Petrochem Ltd. Paras Lubricants Ltd. Petrosil Lubricants Ltd. Powerlink Oil Refinery Ltd. Renaissance Petrolube Ltd. Sagar Petroleums Ltd. Sah Petroleums Ltd. Savita Oil Technologies Ltd. Savita Polymers Ltd. Shiva Petro Synth Specialities Ltd. Southern Refineries Ltd. Speciality Petrolubes Ltd. Sunstar Lubricants Ltd. Tata B P Lubricants India Ltd. [Merged] Tide Water Oil Co. (India) Ltd. Total Lubricants India Ltd. Unique Oils India Ltd. Universal Petrochemicals Ltd. Valvoline Cummins Ltd. Velloils Lubricants & Petrochem Ltd. Waxpol Industries Ltd. Witmans Petrochem Pvt. Ltd. Cost Estimation Capacity Blended Lubricating Oil : 10 KL/Day Greases : 1 KL/Day Brake Fluid : 0.67 KL/Day Coolant : 1 KL/Day
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: Rs. 274 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project : Rs.1330 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 40.00%
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  • One Crore is equivalent to ten million (10,000,000)
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