Food and Agro Processing: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILE:

Food processing involves any type of value addition to agricultural or horticultural produce and also includes processes such as grading, sorting and packaging which enhance shelf life of food products. The food processing industry provides vital linkages and synergies between industry and agriculture. The Food Processing Industry sector in India is one of the largest in terms of production, consumption, export and growth prospects. The government has accorded it a high priority, with a number of fiscal reliefs and incentives, to encourage commercialization and value addition to agricultural produce, for minimizing pre/post harvest wastage, generating employment and export growth. India's food processing sector covers a wide range of products fruit and vegetables; meat and poultry; milk and milk products, alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, Soya-based products, mineral water, high protein foods etc.

RESOURCES:

Punjab is a land of boundless opportunity for agro based industry. Punjab State with only 1.5 per cent geographical area of country produces 22 per cent of wheat; 12 per cent of rice and 12 per cent of cotton in the country. Priority is also being given to sugarcane, oil seeds, horticulture and forestry. The cropping intensity of the State is more than 186% and has earned it a name of food basket and granary of India. Despite rising commodity prices and the financial meltdown, the food processing industry in Punjab is bullish on growth and has lined up new launches. Fruits and vegetables which is grown in Punjab are orange, mango, grape, pear, peach, litchi, lemon, tomato, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, and many more. National Productivity Council of India after a survey found that in Punjab availability of crop residue is of the order of 31.5 million tons. The major crop residues are rice straw, wheat straw and cotton stalk. In addition to that industrial residue/by product such as rice husk and bagasse is also available. Approximately 2 million tons of these two products are generated every year.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) is a ministry of the Government of India is responsible for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to food processing in India. The ministry was set up in the year 1988, with a view to develop a strong and vibrant food processing industry, to create increased employment in rural sector and enable farmers to reap the benefits of modern technology and to create a of surplus for exports and stimulating demand for processed food.

•        Custom duty rates have been substantially reduced on food processing plant and equipments, as well as on raw materials and intermediates, especially for export production.

•        Wide-ranging fiscal policy changes have been introduced progressively in food processing sector. Excise and Import duty rates have been reduced substantially. Many processed food items are totally exempt from excise duty.

•        Corporate taxes have been reduced and there is a shift towards market related interest rates. There are tax incentives for new manufacturing units for certain years, except for industries like beer, wine, aerated water using flavouring concentrates, confectionery, chocolates etc.

•        Indian currency, rupee, is now fully convertible on current account and convertibility on capital account with unified exchange rate mechanism is foreseen in coming years.

•        Repatriation of profits is freely permitted in many industries except for some, where there is an additional requirement of balancing the dividend payments through export earnings.

 

Automotives: Project Opportunities in Punjab

 

PROFILE:

The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in 2010. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the second fastest growing automobile market in the world.

RESOURCES:

The auto-components industry of India is likely to grow rapidly, given its global competitiveness, and this has strong implications for employment and income generation in Punjab. Punjab has an automotive component industry which caters largely to the lower value replacement market. This is partly the result of no significant automotive producer having set up manufacturing base in the state since the economic reforms were launched in India in 1991. The state government must adopt an imaginative plan to attract modern automotive components manufacturers to set up capacity in the state, while at the same time seeking large scale investments in the automotive sector.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

·          The auto-components industry of India is likely to grow rapidly, given its global competitiveness, and this has strong implications for employment and income generation in Punjab. Punjab has an automotive component industry which caters largely to the lower value replacement market. This is partly the result of no significant automotive producer having set up manufacturing base in the state since the economic reforms were launched in India in 1991. The state government must adopt an imaginative plan to attract modern automotive components manufacturers to set up capacity in the state, while at the same time seeking large scale investments in the automotive sector.

 

Dairy: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILE:

India is the world's highest milk producer and all set to become the world's largest food factory. Milk production alone involves more than 70 million producers, each raising one or two cows/ buffaloes primarily for milk production. The domesticated water buffalo is one of the gentlest of all farm animals; hence it can be breeded easily. The dairy sector offers a good opportunity to entrepreneurs in India.

RESOURCES:

The primary source of milk and other dairy products in Punjab is the buffalo. The state ranks at the top in the country in the availability of milk after Haryana and Gujarat. Punjab plans 100 dairies to promote dairy farming. In an effort to promote dairy farming in the state, the Government of Punjab is planning to open 100 commercial dairies to increase milk production, thus paving the way for White Revolution.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

•        Liberalisation of the economy – dairy sector open for investment by private and foreign players

•        Abolition of the Quantitative

•        Restrictions on import of dairy products

•        Per capita consumption of milk products below international average – scope of increasing consumption

•        Amendment of the Milk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) – no restrictions on capacity installation and expansion

•        Amendment in Cold Storage Act (No licenses needed for establishing refrigerated and cold chain units for dairy products)

 

Biotechnology: Project Opportunities in Punjab

 

PROFILE

The Biotechnology sector in India is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Indian Economy. As the sector is mainly based on knowledge, it is expected that it will play an important part in shaping the Indian Economy, which is developing at a rapid pace. The Indian Biotechnology sector holds immense potential in terms of research and development, skill and cost effectiveness. As per the eight annual survey by the Association of Biotechnology-led enterprise (ABLE) and a monthly journal, Bio-Spectrum, the sector grew threefold in five years and reported a revenue of US$ 3 billion during 2009-2011 with a 17 per cent rise as compared to the previous year.

RESOURCES

Punjab's strong agricultural base presents an opportunity for leveraging it to develop the biotechnology industry in the state. The Government of Punjab has taken significant initiatives to promote biotechnology related R&D in the state.

 Two centres which form the nucleus of the biotech research in the region are the Institute for Microbial Technology (IMTECH) in Chandigarh which takes up research in microbial bio-processing and the Central same. In addition, it is also supporting the Scientific and Industrial organization (CSIO) which has been developing a number of biotech based diagnostic kits.

 The state is developing a biotechnology park in the suburbs of Chandigarh to nurture commercially viable leads through companies. Its facilities will include a biotech incubator for research and development, pilot testing and other validation facilities. The park aims to attract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to the cluster and contribute to overall R&D in the sector. The Punjab State Council for Science and Technology will act as the single window agency for setting up business in the biotech park.

 

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

The State Govt. notified its IT-BT Policy in 2003 as part of the Industrial Policy under which special incentives are being given to promote the growth of biotech industry such as:

•        Minimum floor rates of Sales Tax.

•        No restriction on movement of capital equipment. 

•        No octroi on biotech items. 

•        Availability of power at industrial (and not commercial) power tariff.

•        Exemption from Electricity Duty.

•        Uninterrupted power supply.

 

Pharmaceuticals: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILES:

The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the world's third-largest in terms of volume and stands 14th in terms of value. The Indian pharmaceuticals market is expected to reach US$ 55 billion in 2020 from US$ 12.6 billion in 2009. The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations, i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i.e., chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.

 

RESOURCES:

Punjab has one of the largest Indian pharmaceutical companies domiciled in the state and has several other companies engaged in the business. There are several colleges for training skilled manpower required for the pharmaceutical industry. The state government must focus on enlarging the pharmaceutical and personal hygiene industrial product space in Punjab.

 

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

•        Industrial licensing for the manufacture of all drugs and pharmaceuticals has been abolished except for bulk drugs produced by the use of recombinant DNA technology, bulk drugs requiring in-vivo use of nucleic acids, and specific cell/tissue targeted formulations.

•        Reservation of 5 drugs for manufacture by the public sector only was abolished in Feb. 1999, thus opening them up for manufacture by the private sector also.

•        Foreign investment through automatic route was raised from 51% to 74% in March, 2000 and the same has been raised to 100%.

•        Automatic approval for Foreign Technology Agreements is being given in the case of all bulk drugs, their intermediates and formulations except those produced by the use of recombinant DNA technology, for which the procedure prescribed by the Government would be followed.

•        Drugs and pharmaceuticals manufacturing units in the public sector are being allowed to face competition including competition from imports. Wherever possible, these units are being privatized.

•        Extending the facility of weighted deductions of 150% of the expenditure on in-house research and development to cover as eligible expenditure, the expenditure on filing patents, obtaining regulatory approvals and clinical trials besides R&D in biotechnology.

•        Introduction of the Patents (Second Amendment) bill in the Parliament. It, inter-alia, provides for the extension in the life of a patent to 20 years.

 

Textiles: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILES:

India Textile Industry is one of the leading textile industries in the world. India textile industry largely depends upon the textile manufacturing and export. It also plays a major role in the economy of the country. India earns about 27% of its total foreign exchange through textile exports. Further, the textile industry of India also contributes nearly 14% of the total industrial production of the country. It also contributes around 3% to the GDP of the country. India textile industry is also the largest in the country in terms of employment generation. It not only generates jobs in its own industry, but also opens up scopes for the other ancillary sectors. India textile industry currently generates employment to more than 35 million people.

RESOURCES:

Punjab is a major grower of cotton and has a long established industry of cotton spinning and weaving. The Textile Industry is also one of the largest provider of employment and accounts of almost 60% of industrial employment in the State of Punjab. It has been noted that even with high level of mechanisation, the chances of machine replacing human are minimum in the sector due to essential skill requirement. The textiles industry of Punjab already has wool and acrylic fibre base.  To sustain the thrust on textiles, some balance with manmade and blended fibre products will have to be maintained to cater to an expanding market for manmade and blended textiles. It provides employment opportunity to semi literates and lower section of the society where the incident of unemployment is most glaring. Most importantly the Textile Sector is one of the biggest employment providing sectors to women. Hence any boost to Textile Industry will definitely provide and offer opportunity of large number of employment to the youths in the State of Punjab.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

The Ministry of Textiles in India has formulated numerous policies and schemes for the development of the textile industry in India. The government of India has been following a policy of promoting and encouraging the handloom sector through a number of programmes. Most of the schematic interventions of the government of India in the ninth and tenth plan period have been through the state agencies and co-operative societies in the handloom industries. Some of the major acts relating to textile industry include: Central Silk Board Act, 1948, The Textiles Committee Act, 1963, The Handlooms Act, 1985, Cotton Control Order, 1986, The Textile Undertakings Act, 1995 Government of India is earnestly trying to provide all the relevant facilities for the textile industry to utilize its full potential and achieve the target. The textile industry is presently experiencing an average annual growth rate of 9-10% and is expected to grow at a rate of 16% in value, which will eventually reach the target of US $ 115 billion by 2012. The clothing and apparel sector are expected to grow at a rate of 21 %t in value terms.

Tourism: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILE:

Tourism in India is the largest service industry, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming a major global destination. India’s travel and tourism industry is one of them most profitable industries in the country, and also credited with contributing a substantial amount of foreign exchange. Indian Tourism offers a potpourri of different cultures, traditions, festivals, and places of interest.

RESOURCES:

Punjab, the land of five rivers and yellow fields, is a favourite tourist destination. It has an integrated cultural history consisting of ancient monuments, religious places, museums and royal palaces like Quila Mubarak. It also has wild life sanctuaries with a rare site of migratory birds. The major places of tourist interest are:- Golden Temple, Durgiana Mandir, Jallianwala bagh in Amritsar; Takhat Sri Kesgarh Sahib and Khalsa Heritage Complex at Anandpur Sahib; Bhakra Dam, Qila Androon and Moti Bagh Palace at Patiala; Wetland at Harike Pattan Sanghol for archaeological importance and Sodal Temple at Jalandhar commemorative Maharishi Balmiki Heritage, etc.

        Tourism in the State is a source of substantial revenues; employment generation; up gradation of human skills; creation of infrastructure, thus helping in the development of all other sectors of an economy. Since tourism is a composite sector, its growth requires participation of private investors at different levels. For this purpose, the State Government has also announced a tourism policy with the aim of developing tourism as a major industry of Punjab, by providing leadership and strategic direction.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

In order to develop tourism in India in a systematic manner, position it as a major engine of economic growth and to harness its direct and multiplier effects for employment and poverty eradication in an environmentally sustainable manner, the National Tourism Policy was formulated in the year 2002. Broadly, the Policy attempts to:-

•        Position tourism as a major engine of economic growth;

•        Harness the direct and multiplier effects of tourism for employment generation, economic development and providing impetus to rural tourism;

•        Focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of tourism growth.

•        Position India as a global brand to take advantage of the burgeoning global travel trade and the vast untapped potential of India as a destination;

•        Acknowledges the critical role of private sector with government working as a pro-active facilitator and catalyst;

•        Create and develop integrated tourism circuits based on India’s unique civilization, heritage, and culture in partnership with States, private sector and other agencies; and ensure that the tourist to India gets physically invigorated, mentally rejuvenated, culturally enriched, spiritually elevated and feel India from within.

 

Waste management and recycling: Project Opportunities in Punjab

PROFILE:

Rapid industrialization last few decades have led to the depletion of pollution of precious natural resources in India depletes and pollutes resources continuously. Further the rapid industrial developments have, also, led to the generation of huge quantities of hazardous wastes, which have further aggravated the environmental problems in the country by depleting and polluting natural resources. Therefore, rational and sustainable utilization of natural resources and its protection from toxic releases is vital for sustainable socio-economic development.

Hazardous waste management is a new concept for most of the Asian countries including India. The lack of technical and financial resources and the regulatory control for the management of hazardous wastes in the past had led to the unscientific disposal of hazardous wastes in India, which posed serious risks to human, animal and plant life.

 

RESOURCES:

In Punjab, growth of population, industrialization and urbanization has resulted in generation of large volumes of solid waste. The total amount of collected solid waste from the districts includes 1108012.25 MT of municipal waste and 6695.57 MT of bio-medical waste (PPCB as cited in Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2007). The factors contributing to the generation of solid waste are:

•      The state has registered 45% increase in its population during the last decades.

•      The state is the 7th most urbanized state in the country with urban population increasing to 33.95% against a national average of 27.8%.

•      The state has two (Ludhiana & Amritsar) cities with more than 1 million population.

•        The state supports a large number of floating populations from other states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh.

•      Most of the solid waste is presently disposed of on land and remains uncovered resulting in environmental pollution of surrounding area.

•        The change in life style towards consumes and discard culture is responsible for adding to municipal solid waste and changing waste composition. It also adds pressure on the existing municipal solid waste handling infrastructure, as well as, disposal sites.

 

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

National policy on waste management is set out in the October 1998 policy statement on waste management- Changing our Ways. It outlines the Government's policy objectives in relation to waste management, and suggests some key issues and considerations that must be addressed to achieve these objectives. The policy is firmly grounded in an internationally recognised hierarchy of options, namely prevention, minimisation, reuse/recycling, and the environmentally sustainable disposal of waste which cannot be prevented or recovered.

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