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Profitable Business Ideas & Opportunities in Tempering and Toughening of Flat Glass
Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering creates balanced internal stresses when broken which cause the glass, to crumble into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury. Glass is a naturally fragile material. To boost its functional properties and enhance its operational safety, it undergoes the process of tempering. Tempering or toughening is a process where the glass is heated at high temperatures to make it stronger and more resistant to breakage. This process creates a balance in the product’s internal stresses, so that when the glass is broken, it would crumble into tiny granular chunks instead of breaking into sharp, jagged pieces. Because of its increased strength and safety, builders and architects utilize them in a multitude of demanding applications. This includes showers, vehicle windows, refrigerator trays, glass tables, diving masks, glassware, cookware, fireplace grates, bulletproof windows, architectural glass doors and virtually anywhere else that needs safe and strong glass. Tempering is a term used in metallurgy, and defines the degree of hardness and strength imparted to a metal, as by quenching, heat treatment, or cold working. Glass is also 'hardened' the same way, i.e., heated to very high temperatures, then cooled quickly. (The melting point of glass is between 1400°C and 1600°C depending on its composition). This changes the structure of the glass. It has lower stress points and forms cube-like crystalline structures. Because of this, tempered glass shatters into cubes rather than into long, sharp shards so it is a lot safer to use. After toughening, bit becomes highly resistant to heat and shock. Tempered glass is four to five times more resistant to breakage than annealed glass. THE PROCESS OF TEMPERING GLASS Tempered glass goes through a process similar to that of a tempered steel. Stage 1: All toughened glass begins life as a float glass. Before it undergoes tempering, the glass is examined for imperfections. Bubbles, inclusions, and cracks may cause the float glass to break during toughening. So if any signs of such flaws are found, the glass can’t be tempered. Stage 2: Prior to toughening, it must first be cut to the desired shape as it won’t be possible to cut or etch the finished product in its toughened state. Once cut, the edges are smoothed and any burrs produced during etching or cutting are removed. Stage 3: To completely remove the grains of glass that were deposited during sanding, the float glass is thoroughly washed. This also ensures that dirt and any other tiny debris won’t interfere with the tempering. Stage 4: In the tempering process, the surface of the float glass is heated at over 600 degrees Celsius as it travels through a furnace. Some manufacturers heat the glass above its annealing point of approximately 720 degrees Celsius. Stage 5: The scorching glass is then rapidly cooled through quenching by a high-pressure blast of air for a period of three to 10 seconds at various angles. As it cools and begins to shrink, tensile stresses temporarily build-up in the interior zone of the glass while its surface consequently develops surface stresses. These compressive stresses eventually enhance the strength of the glass, making it tougher to break. A properly tempered glass should be able to withstand pressures of a minimum of 10,000 pounds per square inch (psi) and can be expected to break at about 24,000 psi. Beyond the added tensile strength and safety, tempered glass has a greater resistance to thermal shock and thermal stresses. Essentially, it can withstand constant exposure to temperatures as high as 243 degrees Celsius. Toughened glass has hundreds of applications. Used in automobiles, toughened glass windshields and windows reduces the occurrence of deadly cuts and bleeding in case of accidents because the glass breaks into small, cube-like pieces. Because of its structural strength, tempered glass is widely used in architectural applications. Toughened glass acquires a degree of strength for excess of the strength of normal glass sheet or plate glass, which if broken shatters into small and comparatively harmless pieces. It is claimed that the resistance to mechanical stock of toughened plate glass is 4 to 5 times more than that of ordinary plate glass. A toughened glass has better resistance to the vibration, mechanical shock and abrasion. Process of Manufacture: The glass plate is heated to a temperature above its softening point and then subjected to rapid cooling. The glass is suddenly chilled and in this process contracts towards the core. It stretches until it has solidified and is no longer able to contract further at this stage the core is still soft. It contracts against restrained exercise by the solidified upper layer of the glass. This compression is responsible for the strength of the glass sheet, which is limited to about 20,000 lb/sq.inch. Thus it is highly stressed and the resultant force is able to nullify the external impact. The intensity of the stresses depends on the rate of cooling, co-efficient of expansion, thermal conductivity of the glass, its specific heat, elasticity, and certain other physical properties. Toughening Process: The raw plate glass sheet which is free from waviness, distortion etc., is cut to required size and shape and then all the edges are ground and polished as per end use of the product. This is called edge 4 grinding and polishing and is very important for toughening because it will lead to breakages during process. No glass sheet can be toughened without edge grinding and polishing. Washing and Drying: After the edge grinding and polishing the glass sheets are washed manually or by machine and then dried. The glass sheets are fed into the furnace (Electrically operated). The sheets are kept in the furnace above its softening point, which varies according to the composition of glass. After attaining required temperature the glass sheets are removed out of the furnace and placed in the air blowing quenching boxes for 20 to 25 seconds. After quenching glass sheet is toughened. For bend glass toughening, the glass sheets passes through a set of dies (as per shape) after furnace and then to the quenching boxes. Testing: After toughening all the sheet glasses are passed through the polariscope inspection. Tempered glass is also termed as toughened glass as it is believed to be four times stronger than normal glass. Tempered glass, when broken results into harmless granular pieces. In toughened or tempered glass, activities such as drilling, cutting, sandblasting, and machining are not possible. Increasing government initiatives on infrastructure facilities accompanied with widening application outlook in construction sector will favor tempered glass market demand. Improving standard of living along with rising consumer spending on interior furniture designing owing to disposable income and rapid urbanization in India, China and Brazil will stimulate industry growth. Rise in tempered glass market demand owing to high strength, safety, anti-breakage, and heat resistance properties coupled with its wide usage in public buildings including phone booths, bus terminals, canopies gymnasiums and sports arenas should stimulate market demand. Rising government regulatory support to favor infrastructure development towards residential and commercial buildings should stimulate the market growth. Global Tempered Glass Market was valued at $46 billion in 2016, and is projected to reach $65 billion by 2023, registering a CAGR of 5.0% from 2017 to 2023. Tempered glass also known as toughened glass, is known to be four times stronger than simple annealed glass. Tempered glass is produced by heating the silica mix up to 600°C and then rapidly cooling the molten silica. Tempered glass is widely used in automotive window panes, building windows, furniture, and interior activities of buildings. Growth in use of tempered glass in automotive and construction industry drives the market. However, stringent government regulations in the automotive and construction industry restricts the market growth. Increase in construction activities in emerging economies such as India, Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina, and the Middle East offers growth opportunity for the tempered glass market. Tags Flat Glass Tempering, Glass Tempering?, Tempered Flat Glass, Tempering and Bending of Glass, How is Tempered Glass Made? Glass Bending and Tempering, Toughened or Tempered Glass, Glass Industry, Tempered Glass, Toughened Glass, Tempering & Toughening of Flat Glass, Toughened, Tempered & Laminated Safety Glass, Flat Toughened Glass, Glass Toughening, Toughened Flat Glass Manufacture, Toughened Glass Plant, Toughening/Tempering Process of Glass, Flat Glass Industry, Glass Tempering Plant, Flat Glass Toughening, Glass Tempering Process, How to Temper Glass, Processed Glass, Project Profile on Toughened Glass, Tempered Glass Production, Flat Glass Manufacturing, Float Glass Production Process, How is Flat Glass Made? 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Plant capacity | Plant & machinery | Working capital | T.C.I | Return | Break even |
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- | - | - | - | 1% | 0% |
Introduction
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Each detailed project reports cover all the aspects of business, from analysing the market, confirming availability of various necessities such as plant & machinery, raw materials to forecasting the financial requirements. The scope of the report includes assessing market potential, negotiating with collaborators, investment decision making, corporate diversification planning etc. in a very planned manner by formulating detailed manufacturing techniques and forecasting financial aspects by estimating the cost of raw material, formulating the cash flow statement, projecting the balance sheet etc.
We also offer self-contained Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Studies, Market Surveys and Studies, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports, Identification and Selection of Plant and Machinery, Manufacturing Process and or Equipment required, General Guidance, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial projects on the following topics.
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- One Lac / Lakh / Lakhs is equivalent to one hundred thousand (100,000)
- One Crore is equivalent to ten million (10,000,000)
- T.C.I is Total Capital Investment
- We can modify the project capacity and project cost as per your requirement.
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- Caution: The project's cost, capacity and return are subject to change without any notice. Future projects may have different values of project cost, capacity or return.
COST OF PROJECT | MEANS OF FINANCE | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Particulars | Existing | Proposed | Total | Particulars | Existing | Proposed | Total |
Land & Site Development Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Buildings | ********** | ********** | ********** | Share Premium | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Plant & Machineries | ********** | ********** | ********** | Other Type Share Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Motor Vehicles | ********** | ********** | ********** | Reserves & Surplus | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Office Automation Equipments | ********** | ********** | ********** | Cash Subsidy | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Technical Knowhow Fees & Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | Internal Cash Accruals | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Franchise & Other Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** | Long/Medium Term Borrowings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Preliminary & Pre-operative Exp | ********** | ********** | ********** | Debentures / Bonds | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Provision for Contingencies | ********** | ********** | ********** | Unsecured Loans/Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Margin Money - Working Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | Total | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | OPERATING YEARS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Revenue/Income/Realisation | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Gross Sales Realisation | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Less : Excise Duties/Levies | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Net Sales Realisation | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Revenue/Income/Realisation | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Raw Material Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Indigenous | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Nett Consumption | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Lab & ETP Chemical Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Packing Material Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Sub Total of Net Consumption | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Miscellaneous Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Employees Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Fuel Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Power/Electricity Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Depreciation | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Royalty & Other Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Repairs & Maintenance Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Mfg. Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Cost of Output of Goods Sold | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Gross Profit | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Administration Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Technical Knowhow Fees & Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Financial Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Long/Medium Term Borrowing | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
On Wkg. Capital Borrowings | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Financial Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Selling Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Cost of Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Net Profit Before Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Tax on Profit | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Net Profit After Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Depreciation Added Back | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Technical Knowhow Fees & Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Net Cash Accruals | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | EXISTING | PROPOSED | TOTAL |
---|---|---|---|
COST OF PROJECT | |||
Land & Site Development Exp. | |||
Land Area Required | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Land Development Cost, Boundary Wall, Gate & Road etc. | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Buildings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Factory Building - | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Office Buildings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Plant & Machineries | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Indigenous Machineries | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Erection & Installation | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Laboratory Equipments | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Miscellaneous Equipments like pumps, valves, pipeline & fittings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Imported Machineries | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Technical know how | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Office Vehicles | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Office Automation Equipments (Telephone/ Fax/ Computer) | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Office Equipment, Furniture plus Other Equipment & Accessories | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Misc. Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Pre-operative & Preliminary Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Provision for Contingencies | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total Capital Cost of Project | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Margin Money for Working Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Cost of Project | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | STK.PRD. | STK.PRD. | OPERATING YEARS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Year | 2nd Yr &+ | 1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | ||
Capacity | Months | Months | % | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
CURRENT ASSETS | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |||
Stocks on Hand | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |||
Raw Material Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |||
Indigenous | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Lab & ETP Chemical | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Packing Material | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Consumable Store | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Work-in-Process | ********** | ********** | D | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Finished Goods | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Current Expenses | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Receivables | ********** | ********** | M | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ||
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |||
Cash/Bank Balances | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |||
Gross Wkg. Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | OPERATING YEARS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | ||
Profit Percentages to Net Sales | ||||||
Gross Profit | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
% Of G.P. to Net Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Net Profit Before Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
% of N.P.B.T. To Net Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Net Profit After Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
% of N.P.A.T. To Net Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ||||||
Funds Available to Service Debts | ||||||
Net Profit After Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Depreciation Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Technical Knowhow Fees & Exp | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Interest on Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Debt Service Obligations | ||||||
Repayment of Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Interest on Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ||
D. S. C. R. (Individual) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
D. S. C. R. (Cumulative) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
D. S. C. R. (Overall) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Parameters | ||||||
Initial Equity Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Credit Balance in P & L | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Capital exclUnsec Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Unsecured Dep. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Equity incl Unsecured Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Long/Medium Term Borrowings from Bank | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Term lia. Incl Unsecured Deposit | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Liabilities | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Liabilities incl Unsecured Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
DEBT EQUITY RATIO considering | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
DEBT EQUITY RATIO considering | ||||||
I.E.Total Term Lia./NW | ||||||
Unsecured Dep. as Equity | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Unsecured Dep. as Debt | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Outside Lia./NW | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Outside Lia./NW | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Assets Turnover Ratio (x) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
No. of Shares of 10.00 each | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Earnings Per Share (EPS) (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Proposed divident | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Cash EPS (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Dividend Per Share(DPS) (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Payout Ratio (%Age) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Retained Earnings/Share (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Retained Earnings (%Age) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Book Value Per Share (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Debt Per Share (in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Probable Mkt. Price/Share(in) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Price / Book Value (x) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Price Earnings Ratio (x) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Yield (%Age) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | OPERATING YEARS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ratio | 1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | |
BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS | ||||||
Total Value of Output | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Variable Cost & Expenses | ||||||
Raw Material Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Lab & ETP Chemical Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Packing Material Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Sales Commission/Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Sub-total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Less: W.I.P. Adjustments | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total Variable Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Net Contribution | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Profit Volume Ratio (%) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Miscellaneous Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Employees Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Power/Electricity Expen | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Fuel Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Royalty & Other Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Repairs & Maintenance E | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Mfg. Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Administration Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Selling Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Interest on Wkg.Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Tot.Semi-Var./Fixed Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Fixed Expenses / Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Miscellaneous Cost | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Employees Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Power/Electricity Expen | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Fuel Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Royalty & Other Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Repairs & Maintenance E | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Mfg. Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Administration Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Selling Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Intrest-Fixed Borrowing | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Intrest-Working Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Depreciation Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Deferred Expenses W/Off | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Fixed Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Tot.Fixed/Semi-Fixed Exp | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Tot.Cash Fixed/SemiFixed | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Cash Break Even Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Cash Margin of Safety | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Break Even Sales | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Margin of safety | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
At Maximum Utilisation : | Year | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
(as % of Installed Capacity) | ||||||
Cash B.E.P. : | % | xx% | xx% | xx% | xx% | xx% |
B.E.P. : | % | xx% | xx% | xx% | xx% | xx% |
MEANS OF FINANCE | |||
---|---|---|---|
Equity Share Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Others - Preference Share Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Equity Share Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Long/Medium Term Borrowings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
FROM BANK | ********** | ********** | ********** |
From Other Financial Institutions | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Long/Medium Term Borrowings | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total Means of Finance | ********** | ********** | ********** |
PARTICULARS | OPERATING YEARS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | |
Equity Share Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Surplus of Previous Year | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Add : Net Profit After Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Surplus at the End of Year | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Unsecured Deposits | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Long/Medium Term Borrowings Proposed-FROM BANK | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Bank Borrowing for Wkg. Capital | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Current Liabilities | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Sundry Creditors | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Current Liabilities | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Current Liabilities | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total of Liabilities | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
ASSETS | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Fixed Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Gross Block | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Less : Depreciation to Date | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Net Block | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Current Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Stocks on Hand | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Receivables | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Current Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Cash and Bank Balances | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Total Current Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
P & P Exp. and/or Other Dvp.Exp. | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
(To The Extent Not W/Off) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Other Non Current Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total of Assets | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
ROI (Average of Fixed Assets) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
RONW (Average of Share Capital) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
ROI (Average of Total Assets) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
INTEREST AND REPAYMENT ON TERM LOANS
A | Name of Institution-Bank | ABC BANK | |
---|---|---|---|
B | Term Borrowing Amount | ********** | xx |
C | Repayment Term (Years) | ********** | Years |
D | Repayment Instalments | ********** | Instalments |
E | Repayment Commencement | Year - 0; 3rd Qtr. | |
F | Rate of Interest(General) | xxxx% | p.a. |
G | Rate of Interest(Initial) | 0.00% | p.a. |
H | Apply Gen. Int. Rate from Year | x Quarter :: x | |
I | Interest Calculation | Quarterly |
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Funds Available to Service Debts | ||||||
Net Profit After Taxes | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Depreciation Charges | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Technical Knowhow Fees & Expenses | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Interest on Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Debt Service Obligations | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Repayment of Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Interest on Long/Medium Term | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
Total | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ||
D. S. C. R. (Individual) | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
D. S. C. R. (Cumulative) ..... | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
D. S. C. R. (Overall) ........ | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
DEPRECIATION CHARGES AS PER BOOKS (TOTAL)
Operating Year | F.Assets Type A-1 | F.Assets Type A-2 | F.Assets Type B | F.Assets Type C | F.Assets Type D-1 | F.Assets Type D-2 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Particulars | Factory Building | Office Buildings | Plant & Machinery | Office Vehicles | Office Automation Equipments (Telephone/ Fax/ Computer) | Furniture & Fixtures | |
1-2 | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
2-3 | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
3-4 | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
4-5 | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
5-6 | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | |
********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** | ********** |
Particulars | Method | Deprn.Rate | Part Consideration (for Asset put to use less than xx months) |
---|---|---|---|
Type A :: Buildings | |||
Factory Building - | WDV | ********** | ********** |
Office Buildings | WDV | ********** | ********** |
Type C | |||
Office Vehicles | WDV | ********** | ********** |
Type D :: Misc. Fixed Assets | |||
Office Automation Equipments (Telephone/ Fax/ Computer) | WDV | ********** | ********** |
Furniture & Fixtures | WDV | ********** | ********** |
Type B :: Plant & Machineries |
Projected Pay Back Period | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Particulars | Operating Years | ||||
1-2 | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | |
Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Initial Investment | ********* | ||||
Total Initial Investment | ********* | ||||
Yearly Cash Flow | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* |
Accumulated Cash Flow | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* |
Accumulated Cash Flow | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* | ********* |
Pay Back Period | xx Years xx Months | xx Years xx months |
Projected IRR | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | CFAT | PV factor @**% | ********* | ||
Initial Investment | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
1-2 | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
2-3 | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
3-4 | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
4-5 | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
5-6 | ********* | ********* | ********* | ||
Total PV | ********* | ********* | |||
IRR | ********* | ********* | |||
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.
Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Selection of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.
NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.
- This report helps you to identify a profitable project for investing or diversifying into by throwing light to crucial areas like industry size, demand of the product and reasons for investing in the product.
- This report provides vital information on the product like its definition, characteristics and segmentation.
- This report helps you market and place the product correctly by identifying the target customer group of the product.
- This report helps you understand the viability of the project by disclosing details like raw materials required, manufacturing process, project costs and snapshot of other project financials.
- The report provides forecasts of key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance and make sound business decision.
- Our research reports broadly cover Indian markets, present analysis, outlook and forecast.
- The market forecasts are developed on the basis of secondary research and are cross-validated through interactions with the industry players.
- We use reliable sources of information and databases. And information from such sources is processed by us and included in the report.
Introduction
- Project Introduction
- Project Objective and Strategy
- Concise History of the Product
- Properties
- BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification
- Uses & Applications
Market Study and Assessment
- Current Indian Market Scenario
- Present Market Demand and Supply
- Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast
- Statistics of Import & Export
- Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)
- Market Opportunity
Raw Material
- List of Raw Materials
- Properties of Raw Materials
- Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials
- List of Suppliers and Manufacturers
Personnel (Manpower) Requirements
- Requirement of Staff & Labor (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel
Plant and Machinery
- List of Plant & Machinery
- Miscellaneous Items
- Appliances &Equipments
- Laboratory Equipments& Accessories
- Electrification
- Electric Load & Water
- Maintenance Cost
- Sources of Plant & Machinery (Suppliers and Manufacturers)
Manufacturing Process and Formulations
- Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation
- Packaging Required
- Process Flow Sheet Diagram
Infrastructure and Utilities
- Project Location
- Requirement of Land Area
- Rates of the Land
- Built Up Area
- Construction Schedule
- Plant Layout and Requirement of Utilities
- Assumptions for Profitability workings
- Plant Economics
- Production Schedule
-
- Land & Building
- Factory Land & Building
- Site Development Expenses
-
- Plant & Machinery
- Indigenous Machineries
- Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
-
- Other Fixed Assets
- Furniture & Fixtures
- Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses
- Technical Knowhow
- Provision of Contingencies
-
- Working Capital Requirement Per Month
- Raw Material
- Packing Material
- Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
- Consumable Store
-
- Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
- Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
- Royalty and Other Charges
- Selling and Distribution Expenses
- Salary and Wages
- Turnover Per Annum
-
- Share Capital
- Equity Capital
- Preference Share Capital
- Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
-
- Annexure 2:: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
- Revenue/Income/Realisation
- Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items
- Gross Profit
- Financial Charges
- Total Cost of Sales
- Net Profit After Taxes
- Net Cash Accruals
-
- Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
- Current Assets
- Gross Working. Capital
- Current Liabilities
- Net Working Capital
- Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
- Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
-
- Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
- ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
- RONW (Average of Share Capital)
- ROI (Average of Total Assets)
-
- Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios
- D.S.C.R
- Earnings Per Share (EPS)
- Debt Equity Ratio
-
- Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
- Variable Cost & Expenses
- Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
- Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
- Fixed Expenses / Cost
- B.E.P
-
- Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
- Resultant N.P.B.T
- Resultant D.S.C.R
- Resultant PV Ratio
- Resultant DER
- Resultant ROI
- Resultant BEP
-
- Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
- Equity Capital
- Preference Share Capital
-
- Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
- Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
- Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
- Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
- Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
- Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
- Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
- Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
- Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
- Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
- Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
- Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
- Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
- Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
- Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
- Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
- Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
- Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
- Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
- Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
- Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
- Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
- Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
- Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
- Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
- Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
- Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR
- One Lac / Lakh / Lakhs is equivalent to one hundred thousand (100,000)
- One Crore is equivalent to ten million (10,000,000)
- T.C.I is Total Capital Investment
- We can modify the project capacity and project cost as per your requirement.
- We can also prepare project report on any subject as per your requirement.
- Caution: The project's cost, capacity and return are subject to change without any notice. Future projects may have different values of project cost, capacity or return.
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NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services.
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