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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 40
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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 40
Project Profiles of below projects can be viewed/ downloaded from http://www.niir.org/profiles/
The term alcohol was first applied to the spirits of wine, ethyl alcohol, and now it refers to a series of substances with similar characteristics Ethyl alcohol is the active constituent of all intoxicating liquors obtained by the fermentation of saccharine materials. It is present in the form of esters in several volatile oils. It is now a days prepared in immense quantities, chiefly by fermentation and finds numerous industrial uses, and is also being used as a motor fuel. Alcohol is itself a raw material for chemicals, it is also a solvent.
The use of alcohol as an exhilarating and intoxicating beverage is common throughout the world. Today, the fermented juice, obtained from several palms, has long been used by the poorer classes in India, has long been used by the poorer classes in India, and the distillation of spirit, arrack from fermented rice, toddy etc; has been known, since early times. Since the advent of the English into India, modern distilleries and breweries have been established in almost all the Provinces and important States. The potable spirits made are country spirit (arrack and spiced liquors), and liquors resembling, imported spirit (rum, gin, whisky, and brandy). Alcohol is used directly in the manufacture of several compounds such as ether, ethyl acetate, and other esters, acetic acid (vinegar), acetone, chloral, chloroform and iodoform. It is required for the manufacture of mercury fulminate which is largely used in detonators for explosives. It is a solvent in preparing T.N.T. Alcohol is also employed in the preparation of transparent soaps.
Ferro Alloys Plays major role in Steel Production and industrial development. Ferro-alloys are iron based alloys with varied elements introduced in steel making to cater to the specific needs. These are specified additions to the production of steel for various applications. Generally ferro-alloys are designated by base metal indicated as under such as:
• Ferro - silicon
• Ferro – manganese
• Silico – manganese
• Ferro – chrome etc.
Ferro alloys are iron bearing alloys with additives which are passed on to steel to meet specific needs. The Ferro alloys are brittle and can be crushed to any size to be added to the molten steel as additives. Generally the additives as in steel are invariably added in the form of Ferro alloys. These are established additives in the steel production to obtain specific needs.
The market for ferrosilicon is largely in steel (85%) and cast iron (15%), with very small amounts used in non-ferrous alloys. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Kraft Paper from Waste Cartons
Paper is a major product of the forestry industry, and is used widely in our society. Paper products are used not only in their obvious applications in the publishing industry and for writing on, but also in a variety of specialty papers, cardboards, brown papers etc. In addition, various chemicals are produced as a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry. Kraft paper, Brown paper or wrapping paper is made from variety of raw materials, e.g. Bagasse, ground wood, straw, waste paper, in various combinations or alone, waste carton boxes etc. 'Kraft' mean strength and that is why its name. It is leading paper for wrapping heavy bundles. After corrugation it is used in many types of packing and it is an important packaging material.
Machine Glazed (MG) papers are useful for paper bags; the high gloss of one side makes it easier to print and the roughness of the other provides a key for the adhesive used. Kraft paper is sometimes used for home crafts as well. A section of it is an ideal medium for the creation of homemade costumes for Halloween or a costume party. Children can draw on bleached or unbleached paper without a lot of worry about markers leaking through to tabletops. People who want to be more natural and creative with their gift wrap may choose to use this paper for wrapping gifts, often embellishing with other natural elements or using markers or stencils to create a unique design. Thus, due to demand it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
The automobile is unique-technological achievement, which make the distance shorter. With this a far distance is covered in very short time. In developing India the use of automobile vehicles is increasing tremendously. The first motor car which was imported to India came in 1898 and now from that time upto the present time there are so many manufacturers who are manufacturing various Automobile vehicles.
Brake shoe is used in the brake of an automobile. Automobile brakes require more attention than any other system in the vehicle. Brake shoes are used in the brakes of automobile vehicles. This provides the base to the lining. This is the part, which feeds pressure and transmits the force to the lining by expansion. This is a very important part of the braking system. Due to high friction, the vehicle stops. An understanding of the requirement of braking systems of automobile vehicles requires knowledge of The purpose of brakes, An appreciation of their contribution to safety, Recognition of the factors controlling the stop, An understanding of braking action, An appreciation of possible stopping distances.
Guar is also called guaran, is a Galactomannan.It is primarily the ground endosperm of guar beans. The guar seeds are dehusked, milled and screened to obtain the guar gum.It is typically produced as a free flowing, pale, off-white colored, coarse to fine ground powder. It is available in form of: Guar Seed , Guar Gum Powder , Guar Refined Split ,Guar Churi Meal.
Guar gum is water-soluble plant mucilage obtained from the grand endosperms of cyanopsis tetragonoloba, cultivated in Pakistan as livestock feed. The water-soluble portion of the flour (85%) is called `guaran' and consists of 35% galactose, 63% mannose, probably combined in a polysaccharide 5-7% protein.
India accounts for 80% of the total guar produced in the world and 70% is cultivated in Rajasthan. Pakistan, Sudan and parts of USA are the other major Guar growing countries. 75% of the Guar Gums or their derivatives produced in India are exported mainly to USA and European countries. Thus, due to demand it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Sodium Silicate fromRice Husk Ash
Sodium Silicate is a colourless compound of oxides of sodium and silica. It has a range of chemical formula varying in sodium oxide (Na2O) and silicon dioxide or silica (SiO2) contents or ratios. Sodium silicate is the generic name for a series of compounds derived from soluble sodium silicate glasses. They are water solutions of sodium oxide (Na2O) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) combined in various ratios. Varying the proportions of SiO2 to Na2O and the solids content results in solutions with differing properties that have many diversified industrial applications. These are sold as 20% to 50% aqueous solutions called water glass.
Sodium silicates are used in the composition of acid resisting and refractory cements. Other uses of the silicate are as follows: as a suspension agent in are purification processes, from industrial wastes, for water proofing stone products, as a coating material in the packing materials, such as wooden panels, paper or cardboard boxes, for the insulation of electric copper wires, in the preservation of eggs. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Vodka is a neutral spirit that is without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color. These properties are developed during the distillation process or by treating crudely distilled spirits with activated carbon or other materials. Finely distilled vodka may also be further purified and refined by treatment with activated carbon and other materials. Vodka is usually not aged and can be made from grains, potatoes, sugars, fruits, and just about anything else that can be fermented to produce alcohol. This makes vodka an economical spirit that can be made easily in a short amount of time from readily available materials.
Vodka is produced in India by very few brands; hence this list includes mostly IMFL (Indian Made Foreign Liquor) and imported brands available in the market currently. This list of Top 10 Brands of Vodka in India is compiled on the basis of their prices. The prices may differ from one state to another depending upon the duty structure and the flavour variant. The imported brands, of course, have a higher price tag. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Ethanol from Rice Straw and Rice Husk
Bio energy–energy produced from biomass–offers the opportunity to reduce not only the carbon dioxide emissions but also the dependence of energy imports, and as well as to diversify the energy matrix, reducing the oil dependence.
Second generation bio ethanol is based on raw materials rich in complex carbohydrates like cellulose. This becomes an interesting alternative to reduce competition with the food industry and to generate an added value to the agro- industrial residues. Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol. It is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It is a neurotoxic psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs used by humans. It can cause alcohol intoxication when consumed in sufficient quantity. Ethanol is used as a solvent, an antiseptic, a fuel and the active fluid in modern (post-mercury) thermometers. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a strong chemical odor. Its structural formula CH3CH2OH, is often abbreviated as C2H5OH, C2H6O.
India’s production of biodiesel from jatropha seeds is commercially negligible and economically unviable. Farmers have not planted jatropha because it is difficult to market, yields are poor, and seed quality is inconsistent. As a result, most of the biodiesel units operating in India have turned to alternative feed stocks such as edible oil waste (unusable oil fractions), animal fats, and other inedible oils. This hodgepodge of oils accounts for about 28 percent of biodiesel producers’ existing capacity and enables them to continue operations throughout the year. Thus, due to demand it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life." Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are common electronic products. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled. Unfortunately, electronic discards are one of the fastest growing segments of our nation's waste stream. Electronic wastes, "e-waste", "e-scrap", or "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment" ("WEEE") is a description of surplus, obsolete, broken or discarded electrical or electronic devices. Technically, electronic "waste" is the component which is dumped or disposed or discarded rather than recycled, including residue from reuse and recycling operations.
WEEE has been identified as one of the fastest growing sources of waste in the India, and is estimated to be increasing by 16-28 per cent every five years. Within each sector a complex set of heterogeneous secondary wastes is created. Although treatment requirements are complicated, the sources from any one sector possess many common characteristics. However, there exist huge variations in the nature of electronic wastes between sectors, and treatment regimes appropriate for one cannot be readily transferred to another. Thus, as an entrepreneur, E- Waste recycling offers an exciting opportunity to you.
Iron is probably one of the most important, being used on the largest scale of any metal. Its Production in the blast furnace is well documented. When pure, iron is a lustrous white metal which is soft and very workable. However, it is reactive and easily forms a coating of hydrated oxide on its surface in the presence of moist air. This is non-coherent and flakes easily to reveal fresh surfaces for attack. Iron is soluble in dilute acids, where Fe(II) is produced in solution; more oxidising acids produce Fe(III) solutions and strongly oxidising agents (e.g. dichromate or concentrated nitric acid) produce a passive form of the metal, probably as a result of the formation of a coherent surface film of oxide. Iron is also an essential element for all life forms, the average human body containing 4 gm of the element. The majority of iron in the body is present within haemoglobin, the respiratory pigment which provides the mechanism for the transportation of oxygen by red blood cells.
Banana is the common name for a type of fruit and also the herbaceous plants of the genus Musa. Banana is amongst the most versatile and most widely eaten fruits in the world today. Bananas come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red. Bananas can be eaten raw though some varieties are generally cooked first. Banana has various uses that can be turned into many processed products. In addition to banana exporting, processing banana into different products could mean additional income for banana farmers. Banana powder has a great potential for commercialization. It has a high sugar and low starch content and can be used as a substitute for fresh banana in making traditional cakes or their premixes as well as in the processing of banana snacks, crackers or crisps.
The quality of banana powder is determined by the color, flavor, texture and moisture content. These are affected by the varieties of bananas and processing operations specially blanching process. Banana powder, because of its high concentration of banana essence, has been found to be a "major source of carbohydrate and calories". While it is generally low as a source of protein, the beneficial ingredients of the powder are still "markedly superior to that of other fruits". The powder has also been found to be useful as a general treatment for dyspepsia (indigestion). In overall terms, investment in this project can offer market opportunities, both for the domestic as well as for export.
Most foods contain very high percentage of water. Microorganisms thrive when there is water, spoiling the food and altering its taste. Removing water keeps food from spoiling for long periods of time. Also removing water makes the food lighter, making it easy to package and transport. Yet, removing water, must not alter the composition of the food. Its basic structure and composition of its nutrients must remain intact.
Increased consumer incomes and year-round demand for fresh produce force retailers or their representatives to establish buying points both in different growing areas of the United States and in foreign countries. Some retailers contract year-round with fresh fruit and vegetable packers, who may in turn contract with growers. Contracts and large-volume buying practices enable packers to obtain sufficient quantities of individual products. Any entrepreneur venture into this field will be successful.
There is cleaning requirement everywhere. Cleanliness is the source of beauty and also the placement of God. Laundry unit is one of the unit by which dirty clothes are cleaned by operation. In older ages there is a system of washer men who collect the dirty clothes from house to house and return the clothes after cleaning within seven days. But now a day, with the growth of Urbanization, washing of cloths has turned out to be a commercial proposition and led to the establishment of modern dry cleaning units in the cities as well in big towns. The services of these units are very prompt and efficient. The occupation includes all types of cleaning, dyeing, bleaching and dry cleaning. The occupation has changed with the passage of time.
Automatic Laundry system may come under the large scale industry to small scale industry unit. Now a day there is a very good export scope of garments. In garment industry there is requirement of automatic laundry system or dry cleaning unit. People of today are very particular about their dress material, furnishing, linen etc, People prefer to wear and use expensive and well cleaned and ironed dress materials. Furnishing, linen etc especially during public appearances. This has opened the scope for laundry and Dry Cleaning units. Any entrepreneur venture into this field will be successful.
Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report on above projects can be had from NPCS
Download Monthly Issues of Entrepreneur India (an Industrial Monthly Journal on Industrial Development Technologies & Project Opportunities) fromhttp://www.niir.org/contact/entrepreneur.phtml
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