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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 35

NPCS Newsletter - Issue 35

Project Profiles of below projects can be viewed/ downloaded from http://www.niir.org/profiles/

Stearic Acid

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid, and its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)16CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. Stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. It occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils, but it is more abundant in animal fat (up to 30%) than vegetable fat (typically <5%). The important exceptions are cocoa butter and Shea butter, where the stearic acid content (as a triglyceride) is 28–45%.

Stearic acid is prepared by treating these fats and oils with water at a high pressure and temperature (above 200°C), leading to the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The resulting mixture is then distilled. Commercial stearic acid is often a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids, although purified stearic acid is available. In terms of its biosynthesis, stearic acid is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery via acetyl-CoA.

Rice Powder, Puttu and Wheat Powder

Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. More wheat flour is produced than any other flour. Wheat varieties are called "soft" or "weak" if gluten content is low, and are called "hard" or "strong" if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or bread flour, is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content, and has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked.

Rice flour (also rice powder) is a form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a particularly good substitute for wheat flour, which causes irritation in the digestive systems of those who are gluten-intolerant. Rice flour is also used as a thickening agent in recipes that are refrigerated or frozen since it inhibits liquid separation. Rice flour may be made from either white rice or brown rice. To make the flour, the husk of rice or paddy is removed and raw rice is obtained, which is then ground to flour.

India is ranked as the world’s largest producer of a number of agri-products including milk and dairy products and pulses .and the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugar and cotton. India produces more than 200 million tonnes of different food grains every year. All major grains – rice, wheat, maize, barley and millets like jowar (great millet), bajra (pearl millet) & ragi (finger millet) are produced in the country. About 15 per cent of the annual production of wheat is converted into wheat products. There are 10,000 pulse mills in the country with a milling capacity of 14 million tonnes, milling about 75 per cent of annual pulse production. The country is self sufficient in grain production and is the second largest rice producer in the world with a 20 per cent global share. Primary milling of rice, wheat and pulses is the most important activity in food grains processing. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs for investment.

Sanitary Napkins

The Sanitary napkin industry is closely connected with the mode of life, which is in turn directly correlated to housing. Accordingly this industry has always grown by keeping space with improvement in living and it is new indispensable for sanitary in modern housing. In India, the technology for sanitary napkins available by processing of raw cotton spinning and weaving of napkins. On small scale, the processed cotton is purchased which is spinned and woven. Sanitary napkin is a product used by women during the menstrual period to treat menstruation. It is one of the daily necessities for women. Most napkins will prevent leakage.

The Industry in India is of recent origin. The first unit is to manufacture viscous napkin filament yarn. Sanitary napkins have an important place in women's history and in the history of technology. 19th Century research into disposable sanitary napkins marked the humble beginnings of a new era of gynecological sanitary. Hindustan Lever (now Hindustan Unilever), Johnson & Johnson and Procter & Gamble have been the lead players in sanitary napkins market. The Unilever-Kimberly Clark joint venture had earlier entered the Indian market with its brand, Kotex, in competition with the market leader, Whisper of Proctor & Gamble. Kimberly Clark had launched upgraded Whisper with Wings brand, priced only 5% higher than the regular Whisper brand. After the launch of Whisper Extra Dry from Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson came in with Stayfree Spirit. Any entrepreneurs venture into this field will be successful.

Disposable Needles

Disposable needles are widely used by doctors for injection purpose with the help of syringes. With the increase in population in our country, requirement of medicine and injections has increased. For more strength of people more number of needles is required with syringes. For quick relief, needles are used by surgeons, dental surgeons, Veterinary Surgeons, and by the breeders in the poultry farm, where the farm birds are periodically injected against epidemics.

Hindustan Syringes and Beckton & Dickinson had launched Auto Disposable (AD) syringes. The new age AD syringe makes re-use impossible by locking the plunger after the medicine is injected. It cannot draw on the medicine a second time. In the field of cannulae and blood bags, Poly Medicure has emerged as a significant player. In the Indian single uses syringes market, which is nearly 1.5 bn units strong, Hindustan Syringes and Medical Devices (HMD) enjoys a 65% market share. Imports constitute 10% of this market. In the single use needles market, HMD has a 70% market share, followed by imported brands with a 25% market share. The size of the local needles market is 2.5 bn units per annum. Dispovan is the dominant brand in India, and it has been able to maintain and increase its market share in face of stiff competition from multinational and domestic challengers. So any new entrants can venture in to this industry.

Textile Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing

A textile is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt).

Textile bleaching is one of the stages in the manufacture of textiles. All raw textile materials, when they are in natural form, are known as 'greige' material. This greige material will have its natural color, odor and impurities that are not suitable for clothing materials. The removal of these natural coloring matters and add-ons during the previous state of manufacturing is called scouring and bleaching. Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like textile and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. After dyeing, dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with fiber molecules.

Textile finishing is the term used for a series of processes to which all bleached, dyed,  as a whole establishing Textile Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing Unit is one of the project which has good prospect for the entrepreneurs to invest.

Potato Flakes

Potato is one of the important tuber vegetables, which is consumed throughout the year. Its botanical name is Solanum Tuberosum. Potatoes can be consumed in varied forms. In fact, it is a vegetable that can easily be combined with any other food item including other vegetables, cereals, pulses, meat and poultry. The raw materials required are fresh potatoes. Potato flakes are the most important form of dehydrated potato products, which also include potato granules, pellets, powder, shredded and sliced potato. Dehydrated potato flakes are made by pressing cooked mashed potatoes onto a drum drier, which forms a sheet that can be broken up and ground to the required density.

The potato dehydration and flakes manufacturing unit has exclusively been reserved on small scale by Govt. of India as per Industrial Policy introduced in 1983. No any big competitor may enter in this field. The potato flakes and powder is meant only for export. Although domestic market for dehydrated and powdered potato is there but more than 70% of the total indigenous production of potato flakes /powder is exported to various countries. Due to demand growth, it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest. Any entrepreneurs venture into this field will be successful.

Rice Cultivation

Rice is the leading food crop in the developing world in terms of total world production. It represents the staple food for almost two-thirds of the world’s population. Rice provides 21% of global human per capita energy and 15% of per capita protein. However, the world’s stocks of stored rice grain have been falling in negative correlation to each year’s consumption levels which now exceeds actual annual production. Rice is generally considered a semi-aquatic annual grass plant, which can be grown under a broad range of climatic conditions. Cultivated rice belongs to the species O. sativa and O. glaberrima. While O. sativais the predominant species, O. galberrimais cultivated on a limited scale and only in Africa. The major rice producers in 2010 were China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Myanmar producing alone more than 75% of the world production. Rice grain comprises the edible rice caryopsis of fruit enclosed in a protective covering, the hull (husk). During the milling process, rough rice is milled to produce polished edible grain by first subjecting to dehusking and then to the removal of brownish outer bran layer known as whitening. Finally, polishing is carried out to remove the bran particles and provides surface gloss to the edible white portion.

The duration of growth for cultivated rice varies from 80 to 280 days and can be generally divided into early (80–130 days), intermediate (130–160 days) and late (160+days) maturing cultivars. In the rice plant, three growth phases can be distinguished: the vegetative phase – when the plant begins to partition assimilation to the developing panicle; the reproductive phases with panicle (flowering) development; and the ripening or grain-filling phase which begins after anthesis and ends at maturation. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs for investment.

Cattle & Poultry Feed

In India the animal feed industry is of recent origin, the first animal food plant having been established in 1960. There are today as many as 14 plants in the organized sector, besides many small feed compounders, which operate in large cities. The 14 organized units have modern or semi modern equipment for manufacturing compound feeds. All of them have excellent facilities for quality control and are well equipped for chemical analysis of raw materials and the finished products. The installed capacity for all types of feeds that can be produced in the units under organized sector in India is estimated in the neighbourhood of 630000 metric tonnes a year. Taking into account the expansion plans of the organized sector, it is anticipated that the capacity of this industry in India is likely to increase rapidly.

India has the largest cattle, buffalo and goat population according to latest census. There are about 200 million cattle, 50 million buffaloes and 90 million goats in the country. About one sixth of the cattle, about half of buffalo and one fifth of goat population in world are in India. Animal husbandry plays an important role in the national life and accounts for about 10% of the national income. In particular the contributor of the cattle and buffalo to the economy is considerable. They are the main source of drought power in agricultural operations and rural transportation they provide essential, foods like milk and meal.

Industries playing increasing roles in the struggle against world hunger include the poultry industry, which require less capital to enter than other animal industries, and the feed industry, which provides economical, feeds upon which the poultry industry depends. Any entrepreneur venture into this field will be successful.

PSC Electric Poles

PSC stands for pre-stressed concrete. These are highly durable and strong PSC Poles fabricated from excellent quality concrete material. These poles are used extensively in electrical industry, for establishing electrical connections and fittings. PSC poles are available in different dimensions and weight depending on the requirement. The poles are eco friendly and require very low maintenance.

Types of Utility Distribution Poles:

·         Tangent poles

·         Guyed poles

·         Self-supporting poles

The power sector is one of the crucial inputs to the growth of other industrial sectors and overall economic growth of India. India has fourth largest installed generating capacity in world but the per capita consumption of electricity is very low, owing to a huge gap between demand and supply of power. Traditionally the power sector was dominated by the public sector but has now been opened for competition from private and foreign players by the government sector.

Fitness Equipments

(Elliptical Cross Trainers, Treadmill and Exercise Bikes)

Fitness/Exercise equipment is any apparatus or device used during physical activity to enhance the strength or conditioning effects of that exercise by providing either fixed or adjustable amounts of resistance or to otherwise enhance the experience or outcome of an exercise routine. Physical fitness is a general state of health and well-being or specifically the ability to perform aspects of sports or occupations. Physical fitness is generally achieved through correct nutrition, exercise, hygiene and rest. It is a set of attributes or characteristics that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.

The fitness industry in India - valued at anything between a whopping Rs 2,000 crore and a more modest Rs 300 crore — however is not celebrating just yet. In fact, it's still a fragmented industry with diverse players such as health clubs, gyms and trainers. The health club approach and a feel good factor — for a highly stressed out segment — is the growing focus of the fitness industry in India." For corporate executives, health is often an important consideration. They have various problems ranging from spondilyosis, to posture and stress-related issues. The fitness equipment market in India was estimated to be worth 12.5 bn IN 2008; and was expected to reach INR 63.3 bn by 2012. The annual growth rate is expected to be around 50%. The key segments in the sector are the home segment and the institutional segment. As a whole establishing Fitness Equipments Unit is one of the project which has good prospect for the entrepreneurs to invest.

Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk/Hull

Rice husk a major by-product of the rice milling industry, is one of the most commonly available lignocellulosic materials that can be converted to different types of fuels and chemical feedstocks through a variety of thermo chemical conversion processes. During milling of paddy about 78 % of weight is received as rice, broken rice and bran. Rest 22 % of the weight of paddy is received as husk. This husk is used as fuel in the rice mills to generate steam for the parboiling process. This husk contains about 75 % organic volatile matter and the balance 25 % of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash.

The Midwest U.S. market for sodium silicate is highly concentrated, with only four competitors. The competitors are PQ Corporation, Occidental Chemical Corporation, INEOS Group Limited, and W.R. Grace & Company. PQ Corporation is a leading global producer of silicate, zeolite, and other performance materials serving the detergent, pulp and paper, chemical, petroleum, catalyst, water treatment, construction, and beverage markets. The future demand for sodium silicate is a function of growth of the end-user industries, mainly soap and detergent factories, pulp and paper mills, paint, pigment and adhesive factories. Information obtained from Ethiopian Investment Authority give strong indication that private investment in the aforementioned industries is bound to grow. Due to demand growth, it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest. Any entrepreneurs venture into this field will be successful.

Poultry Feed

Poultry feed is needed to produce poultry, a substantial part of the food industry. Feeds are used as edible materials, which are consumed poultry and contribute energy and/or nutrients to the poultry diet. Feed is needed to produce poultry, which are substantial parts of the food industry. Poultry includes the following: Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks, Guineas, Pigeons, Pheasant, Ostrich, Peafowl and Swan etc. The size of the food industry depends on population, which is not constant.  

Efficient chick starter and growing mashes aid proper development of chicks and pullets. Proteins, largely of vegetable origin, in the growing mesh, encourage the normal development of pullets and help them to lay lower. These are fed to which when they are 24 hours old.

Industries playing increasing roles in the struggle against world hunger include the poultry industry, which require less capital to enter than other animal industries, and the feed industry, which provides economical, feeds upon which the poultry industry depends. Thus, due to demand it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.

HDPE/PP Woven Sacks

HDPE/PP oriented strips are becoming increasingly popular in India & have caught the eye of many end users for their requirement of packing materials. They have become popular on account of their inertness towards chemical, moisture & excellent resistance towards rotting & fungus attack. They are non toxic. Lighter in weight & have more advantages than conventional bags. PP/HDPE woven sacks laminated with LDPE/PP liner have wider applications. HDPE woven sacks are much stronger & can withstand much higher impact loads because of HDPE strips elongation at break is about 15-25% as compared to 30% of Jute. These sacks are much cleaner & resist fungal attack. Jute prices are very unstable in the market since Jute is an agriculture product. These sacks have many advantages over other conventional sacks materials & are quite competitive in price.

Woven sacks enjoy a good market in India and will continue to do so in the coming years. Plastic woven sacks are rapidly replacing jute bags because they have often various advantages over the conventional jute fabrics as packaging materials. They have excellent chemical resistance; they are light in weight and more suitable for packing of various chemicals in the form of granules and powder. They are also: Stronger and can withstand much higher impact loads. Their elongation at break is 15 to 25 per cent compared to 3 per cent for jute; they are much cleaner, both in use and production and can be used to handle food products as they are resistant to fungal attack. Because of such superior properties of plastic woven sacks, it has high demand everywhere. Due to demand growth, it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.

Organic Fertilizer

            Potentially recyclable nutrients are largely in the form of the organic materials-night soil, animal manure, sewage sludge, composts, slaughter house wastes, and crop residues. There are some who believe that only naturally derived organic material should be used as fertilizer. Organic fertilizers do, indeed, have valuable properties as soil amendments. In particular, their humus content enhances the efficiency of mineral fertilizer, improves soil structure, increases water retention by soil, and decreases soil erosion.

            Vegetation like all living things requires certain foods for its survival and growth. For this purpose fertilizers or manure are the materials to be added to the soil and sometimes to foliage to supply nutrients to sustain plants and promote their abundant and fruitful growth. The elements that constitute these plants foods are divided into three classes.

In the modern age the trend is more towards the Biofertilizers by virtue of their multifold superiority in soil replenishment with essential minerals, essential nutrients to the plant tissue, easy assimilation and above all greater economy. Mention may be made here of a very significant factor which is brought into play that bio-fertilizers are highly, Salubrious, resulting in healthiest possible growth of various parts of the plants. So any new entrants can venture in to this industry.

 Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report on above projects can be had from NPCS

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