Project Profiles of below projects can be viewed / downloaded from http://www.niir.org/profiles/

Latex rubber thread is one of the product amongst various process obtained from Rubber Processing. It is produced by extruding compounded latex through capillaries into a bath of coagulant, and the coagulated wet filament is then washed, dried and vulcanized to produce an elastic thread. Latex is a milky sap that comes from the rubber tree. The sap is used to make products such as balloons, gloves and pacifiers. To manufacture rubber goods from latex component, it is necessary to convert the compounds into solids of the desired form. The latex producer generally stabilizes latex compounds before transporting to the rubber goods manufacturing facility. It is observed that the extent of pre-vulcanization affects the aged and un-aged physical properties of latex threads. Super heat resistant threads are developed to withstand high processing temperatures. Super heat resistant threads retain at least 80% of the modulus after exposure to dry heat of 150 degree centigrade for 2 hours while the normal threads retain only 50% modulus.

The market size for Rubber Thread in India is estimated at 1200 MT/ month & the cumulative factual production of all rubber thread manufacturer's put together in India is not more then 550-600 MT/month. Latex Rubber threads have wide are of applications. On the whole, Rubber thread industry consists of personal clothing, consumer rubber products and sports equipment manufacturing. Like foam industry, rubber thread industry also directly affected by general market environment. With India's growing role in the world economy, the Indian rubber industry has also been gaining global acceptance. India today is looked upon as world's largest producer and third largest consumer of natural rubber. Likewise, large scale production of automobiles in India also led to the further growth of this sector. The global market for industrial rubber products is projected to increase 5.8 percent per year to $139.8 billion, accelerating from the growth rate. The Asia/Pacific region, which represented 44 percent of the global market for industrial rubber products, is forecast to post the fastest gains of any region in near future.

Latex foam rubber derives its physical performance properties from the vulcanization process that creates long molecular chains with strong cross linked bonds. The ability of NR latex foam to recover from deformation opens up a possibility for new applications of latex foam based on products made from this NR latex foam type. For example, this NR latex foam can be employed in orthopedic applications, which usually utilize synthetic memory foam, for which this memory characteristic will allow the release of surface pressure by contouring to the shape of the body. Latex foam rubber generally has a relatively high density and is soft, thus latex foam rubber can only be used in limited amounts in the production of bonded carpet cushion. Latex Foam Producers has a high level of grip, some others are designed to offer maximum durability. The ability of Natural Rubber latex foam to recover from deformation opens up a possibility for new applications of latex foam based on products made from this NR latex foam type. For example, this NR latex foam can be employed in orthopedic applications, which usually utilize synthetic memory foam, for which this memory characteristic will allow the release of surface pressure by contouring to the shape of the body.

In India major consumers of foams are automobile industries for seat cushioning furniture, bedding pillow, cycle seat manufacturers and industrial insulation making industries. Therefore around 40-50 indigenous manufacturer of polyurethane foams in the country. It is observed that out of all products, demand of polyurethane flexible foam is around 84 % of the total demand. Polymerization of urethane and foaming is done indigenously where as major raw material is polyols and isocynate and to some extent urethane are being imported. Major demand for (flexible) is from furniture and automobile industries. Besides these sectors, there is demand for flexible foam for footwear lining, packaging, carpet backing etc. There is no data available for sector wise demand. However, a total estimated demand of main raw material consumption on end use pattern is available.

A gasket (correct terminology is a "joint" made from "jointing material") is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. It is usually desirable that the gasket be made from a material that is to some degree yielding such that it is able to deform and tightly fills the space it is designed for, including any slight irregularities. A few gaskets require an application of sealant directly to the gasket surface to function properly. Rubber seal materials are normally chosen on the basis of chemical compatibility with the fluid being transferred, but even if seal and fluid are chemically compatible, they can still interact physically, leading to leakage. Fluid sealing technology is based on principles as diverse as lubrication, friction, wear, properties of materials, mechanical design, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. All of these factors are to be considered and studied in depth in designing different types of rubber seals, seal materials and sealing applications.

Rebounds in construction expenditures and motor vehicle production, as well as positive outlooks for capital spending and machinery production, will benefit gasket and seal manufacturers. Increased use of better performing gaskets and seals made from advanced materials, which offer improved lifespans over traditional sealing materials, will also stimulate dollar growth. However, in the longer term this will have a mixed effect on the market, as initial value gains will be somewhat offset by decreased aftermarket sales opportunities. Among all gasket and sealing products, compression packings, body seals and expanded graphite gaskets will register the strongest growth through 2016. However, because of their much larger shares of overall demand, the motor vehicle and machinery industries will record much stronger increases in dollar terms. A rebound in motor vehicle production and a rise in the number of motor vehicles in use will fuel sales of related gasket and sealing products. In addition, the growing use of better performing, higher-priced gaskets and seals will further drive value gains. Increases in machinery gasket and seal demand will be supported by the existence of a large aftermarket, reflecting the harsh conditions that many machinery products operate in, and an increase in machinery outputs as capital expenditures rise.

The tyre industry is the largest part of the rubber manufacturing industry, infact it is so large that it is often classed as an industry in its own right. It absorbs well over two thirds of all natural rubber production and almost as large a proportion of synthetic rubber manufacture. In much of the innovation in the wider rubber industry both in terms of material and in terms of manufacturing emanates from the tyre industry.

Light vehicle tyre and heavy truck and machinery tyre are both part of the tyre market but differ in their composition and manufacturing process. Hence light vehicle tyres are particularly passenger's car tyre. Advances in tyre materials, tyre constructions and tyre manufacturing technology have led to new types of products and the development of new market segments. Tyre manufacturing technology has progressed in parallel with tyre construction technology so that tyres are now designed not only to meet specific performance targets, but also to enable improved 'manufacturability', i.e., more efficient, lower cost and more uniform production.

The Indian tyre industry has come of age with the manufacture of almost all types of tyres. The industry has an estimated turnover of close to Rs 200 bn. It is made up of 40 players with an installed capacity of 57.3 mn tyres. The industry claims a perceptible export market. The truck and bus segment is a major constituent (by value) of the tyre industry, accounting for over two-third of the total value of the industry. The upsurge in demand has generally helped the performance of tyre majors such as MRF, Apollo Tyres and Ceat. About two-thirds of the demand for truck tyres flows from the replacement market. The demand of tyres flows from three segments-original equipment manufacturers, re-placements and exports. Of the three, the replacement market is the primary source of demand, followed by the equipment manufacturers (OEM) segment and exports. The persistent pressure on the public transport system and an ever-growing urban middle class has resulted in a steady demand for two-wheelers and passenger cars. The motor cycle tyres increased by over 20%, while the tyres for scooters and mopeds witnessed a fall in production despite an increase in the production of scooters.

Rubber toys are one of the cheaper and best substitutes of electronic toys, plastic toy and other type of toys. Two types of hollow rubber toys of various sizes can be made by plaster casting process depending on the type of rubber used viz. Hard and soft. The rubber toys are flexible in nature. So it does not break even in fall sown on the floor. Rattlers, pull carts, dolls, stackers, building blocks, stuffed toys, train sets and various toys are the child's best friend during the long, hot and dreary summer break. Interestingly these products have varied range of traditional Indian toys that are slowly coming back into vogue, courtesy a makeover. The elasticity and resilience of our natural and synthetic rubber products make them ideal for use in toys, sports and fitness applications. . A simplest rubber compound contains: Rubber, Curing agent (Sulphur), Activator, Accelerator and Compounding Ingredients.

The Indian toy industry is estimated at about 850 million US dollars and until now has generated only 0.5 per cent of the global market. The growth of around 15 per cent promises to rapidly raise this figure, especially in the context of the growing middle class and the increasing willingness to spend money on luxury goods. Indian Toy industry is large and growing which needs more organized approach to face the challenges of factor distribution & marketing. Many of these toys are usually imported through Dubai & Malaysia. The Chinese toy market is also flooding the domestic market but Indian markets still have design or modification to some games that reflect Indian taste in them which is absolutely true. Social relevance is majorly used as a factor that is being used. B Since the last four or five years the Indian Toy Industry has shown a healthy growth rate. The market is growing at 15% to 20% per annum, which is a sound situation and it is further is estimated to grow for least five or six years. As Indian market is highly price sensitive, the reduction in prices of the products would contribute to increase in the sales.

A rubber mat is a generic term for a piece of flat rubber, generally placed on a floor or other flat surface, which serves a range of purposes including: providing a regular or flat surface, such as a mousepad protecting that which is beneath the mat, such as a place mat or the matting used in archival framing and preservation of documents and paintings, protecting that which is above the mat, such as a wrestling or gymnastics mat, or an anti-vibration mat, changing the state of that which passes above it, such as a doormat attracting dirt from shoes. Using rubber mats for flooring and matting provide the benefits of safety, being environmentally friendly, and comfort. .It is non-corrosive, non- conductor, easy handling material. It is not effected by water. It is flamable and heat sensitive. It can be easily cut out by using sharp edge knife. It is easily deformable. It can be stored at room temperature. The drainage mats are anti-microbial treated to guard against degradation from micro-organisms and minimizes the mats from being a source of odors. These rainage Rubber Mats are ideal for: entrances, kitchens/food processing areas, work stations, walk-in refrigerators, suanas and locker rooms.

Compounding, a term that has evolved within the tire and rubber industry, is the materials science of modifying a rubber or elastomeric or a blend of polymers and other materials to optimize properties to meet a given service application or set of performance parameters. Compounding is therefore a complex multidisciplinary science necessitating knowledge of materials physics, organic and polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and chemical reaction kinetics. compounding consists of specifying the type and amount of the various ingredients in a mixture, the manner of mixing processing of the finished mix and the method of vulcanization and the requirement of end product. The primary requirement of adding different compounding ingredients to develop a technical rubber compound is to meet different service needs at an economic price and to provide certain desired physical properties.

Following the liberalisation of the Indian economy in early 1990s and particularly after the opening up of the auto sector to the global players, the end of the decade presented a vastly transformed scenario for the industry. The industry has witnessed technology and product upgradation to world-class standards accompanied by intensive competition. India is striving to emerge as a substantial exporter of vehicles. Currently, exports make up for 10% of overall sales. With the waning of interest by industrial countries in auto industry, conditions are propitious for the shift of production bases to countries like India. It is believed that for all auto majors, India is ideally positioned to become a major production base for the ASEAN region.

Activated carbon in any form of carbon shows high absorptivity for gases, vapours and colloidal solids in either the gas ion or liquid phase. It is available in many forms such as pellets, granules and in powder form. Activated carbon is very important chemical has wide application and employed by numerous industries which require absorption of certain gases and vapours in purification, in catalytic chemical reactions, decolorisation of vegetable oil and sugar solutions. Activated carbons have a large surface area, liquid phase activated carbons are light in weight, fluffy powder while gas phase activated carbons are hard and are in the form of pellets. Industrial activated carbons in the forms of pellets, granules or fine powders, and with many industrial applications, are now on the market under different trade names. Absorption on activated carbon is selective, favouring monopolar overpolar substances, and in a homogenous serious, generally improving with increasing boiling point. Absorption is also improved with increased pressure and reduced temperature. Following industries are the major consumers of Activated carbon:Edible Oil Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Beverage Industry, Water treatment plant/water purification plant, Sugar Industries and Solvent recovery unit.

Advances in tyre materials, tyre constructions and tyre manufacturing technology have led to new types of products and the development of new market segments. Tyre manufacturing technology has progressed in parallel with tyre construction technology so that tyre is now designed not only to meet specific performance targets, but also to enable improved 'manufacturability', i.e., more efficient, lower cost and more uniform production. The tyre and tubes are very important rubber products and widely used everywhere in the world. Now there is a great change in the raw materials consumption which varies according to the tyre and tube application such as tractor tyre, truck and Airoplane tyre. There are used in vehicles for comfortable side and low power consumption. Various types of tyre are available namely pneumatic solid tyre.

The Indian tyre industry has come of age with the manufacture of almost all types of tyres. The truck and bus segment is a major constituent (by value) of the tyre industry, accounting for over two-third of the total value of the industry. The upsurge in demand has generally helped the performance of tyre majors such as MRF, Apollo Tyres and Ceat. The industry has, in the recent years, been quick in absorbing and adapting the cross- ply technology as well. The conventional bias technology is almost out globally and even earlier version of cross-ply is becoming obsolete. Although the global majors had operated for a long time, their upgraded technological capabilities ceased to flow to the Indian industry. In the recent years, the tyre industry has been witnessing structural changes. Global majors like Bridgestone have commissioned production facilities in India. Continental has taken equity stake in an existing Indian major thus making a direct entry into the market - a shift from being only a technology supplier so far.

Mild steel is the least expensive of all steel and the most common steel used. Used in nearly every type of product created from steel, it is weldable, very hard and, although it easily rusts, very durable. Containing a maximum of 0.29% carbon, this type of steel is able to be magnetized and used in almost any project that requires a vast amount of metal. Its structural strength prevents it from being used to create load-bearing girders and structural beams. Most of the TMT bars in the world is created using mild steel. This allows the bars to not only be easily welded into place, but also lets the bar flex and avoid cracking and breaking under pressure. Mild Steel Flats are basically thin strips of mild steel with the thickness of the strip varying commonly from 12mm to 100mm though thicker flats are also available. Flat bars may be considered the most basic of steel structures. Its applications range from construction to machine fabrication. TMT means Thermo mechanically treated steel its a new- generation-high-strength steel having superior properties such as weldability, strength, ductility and bendability meeting highest quality standards at international level.

The growth in construction activity and infrastructure projects in India has buoyed the demand for steel industry. There is a demand for steel products such has Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) Bars, Structural steel viz., angles, plates, channels, rounds etc. Some steel experts are of the opinion that, flat products play a vital role in the economic development of a country. As economy matures, the purchasing power of the people increases, resulting in enhanced demand for automobiles and consumer goods as well as an increased use in infrastructural projects. These experts also maintain that the use of flat products in India should go over 60 percent of total finished steel consumption in the country. Steel is one of the most common materials in the world and is a major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, and appliances. It is environment friendly, can be recycled and requires considerably less energy to produce than some other metals. Leading investors have their eyes set on the huge mineral deposits.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a non-combustible, lime-based, cementitious building material that is expanding into new worldwide markets. As a single-component building material, AAC has achieved acceptance in new markets throughout the world. The AAC has the features of light bulk density, good thermal insulation properties and sound- absorption, certain strength and process ability, and its raw materials is very rich, especially the reuse of fly ash enables the comprehensive utilization of industrial residue, curbs environmental pollution, no destroy on farmland, create good social and economic benefits. AAC is an ideal alternative of the traditional clay brick wall materials. AAC Blocks have Good heat insulation and humid retention. They are non-flammable. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) products are 4 times lighter in weight than ordinary concrete. Its characteristic structure comprising millions of tiny pores, it offers optimum solidity at low weight.

The autoclaved aerated concrete sector of the construction industry is now in the phase of a tremendous growth cycle. The autoclaved aerated concrete industry must utilize competitive techniques as customers are looking for lowered costs. AAC is not a new building system but it is new to India. Autoclaved aerated concrete ("AAC"), though relatively unknown in India, is currently one of the many building products being touted as "green" or "environmentally friendly." There will be phenomenal growth in autoclaved aerated industry in the near future. Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks having different architectural finishes and color will also play a prominent role in near future. With a high growing good infrastructure and urbanization, the autoclaved aerated concrete Industry is poised for growth in the near future.

Dextrose (or D-Glucose) is a simple hexose mono-saccharide sugar. It is the natural form of Glucose. Dextrose is offered at a very high grade of purity. Its empirical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆. Dextrose is used as a source of energy to cultivate microorganisms and for fermentation studies. Dextrose is incorporated into many culture media formulae, such as those employed in the selective isolation of enterobacteriaceae. Dextrose is obtained from starches or cellulose. The raw materials can be corn, rice, potatoes or many other vegetables. Dextrose Monohydrate is the crystalline form of glucose, it is a source of carbohydrate energy. Dextrose is commercially available in monohydrate or anhydrate form, termed Dextrose Monohydrate or Dextrose Anhydrate, respectively.

The demand for dextrin and dextrose is highly influenced by the growth of the manufacturing sectors mainly textiles, glass, printing ink, food, soft drink, tanning, tobacco and the like. The manufacturing sector has been growing by more than 6% in the past few years. Assuming the past trend will continue in the future, an annual average growth rate of 6% is applied to forecast the future demand by taking the current effective demand as a base. Starch and its derivatives have emerged as the most promising environment-friendly ingredient over the years and offers varied application benefits in both food as well as non-food industries. There has been a steady increase in demand of starch in food & beverage industry due to high prices of sugar. Now, as Pharmaceutical industry is having a soaring business, so will be the dextrose business. Dextrose is used as energy providing ingredient to sick people. So, the industries related producing dextrose will have a huge profitable business.

Paper is one of the necessities of civilization and it is almost impossible to imagine the continuance of a world without the printed books and newspapers. People require paper to meet the basic needs of modern life because it has many diverse uses. Modern paper is made from cellulose derived from a limited numbers of plants, the fibres being mixed with sufficient water to render possible formation of a continuous sheet of paper of uniform thickness. Tissue paper kitchen towels and napkins (hereafter, kitchen towels and napkins) are multifunctional products. Their main use is for hygiene and cleaning purposes, and they are not specifically intended for contact with foodstuffs.

The world consumption of paper and paperboard is estimated at over 300 mn tonne a year. It is constituted broadly of 30% of cultural papers (writing and printing), 14% of newsprint, and the balance of kraft and packaging paper including paperboards. The Indian production is about 2 to 3% of the global total. The overall value of the market is estimated at Rs 250 bn. The domestic demand for paper is growing at around 8% for the last couple of years in line with GDP growth. . The consumption of paper products is growing at a fast pace of around 6.5% and is expected to further go up in future. The industry now uses three sources of raw materials - recycled paper, wood and agro based, and waste. Major players from the paper industry had lined up close to $2.5 bn worth of investment.

Ready to Eat Meals like already cooked or prepared lunch & dinner are relatively new products which came in market only a few years back and are now sold through retail general stores in especially made sealed aluminum laminates. The retorting or sterilization process ensures the stability of the Ready-to-Eat foods in retort pouches, on the shelf and at room temperature. The retort processed foods do not require rehydration or cooking and can be consumed straight from the pouch with or without pre- warming, depending upon the requirement of the users and the weather conditions. In order to produce high quality safe Retort Food, it is very important to optimize the retort processing. The product should be sterilized properly to make sure that it is safe for consumption. At the same time, it should not be over cooked or over processed. Because over sterilization kills the taste and food appeal of the product.

The food processing industry has been slated for accelerated growth. It is projected to be a futuristic industry and it is anticipated that, over the years, it will emerge as a leading player in the global markets. As a result, the industry is seen to be witnessing feverish activity. The size of the processed food market is estimated to be over Rs 110 bn and is growing at 10 to 15% per annum. The Rs 4000-bn food market in India has been growing at the rate of 6.5% a year. The true potential of the food processing industry is slowly being realised. This is reflected in the fact that the government has classified food processing industry as a thrust area. The popularity of ready to eat packed food now is no longer marks a special occasion. People want value for time, money in terms of quality and variety. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India. The ready-to-eat (RTE) sector in the Indian food industry is taking off in no small way, thanks to escalating demand from urban Indians with hectic schedules and others looking for convenient choices, authentic tastes and entrées on the go. This demand for ready-to-eat meals is also propelling interest and investment in India's fledgling food processing sector, with allied businesses in cold chain and logistics also set to grow tremendously.

A cigarette is a small cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is normally white, though other colors are occasionally available. Cigarette papers, side-seam adhesives, monogram inks, filtration material, filter papers and filter adhesives, all make up the non-tobacco components of a cigarette. The ingredients found in these components are purchased from a number of different suppliers. These independent companies treat the composition of such materials as confidential for competitive reasons.

India is the fourth largest consumer of tobacco in the world. Many types of tobacco are grown in India (not all are used for cigarettes). Of the total production, about 30% is of flue-cured Virginia (FCV) and the rest is non-Virginia type. The later variety is used for bidis, natu, burley, chewing, hookah, cigar and snuff varieties. Cigarettes are now allowed to be imported freely into the country after paying the prescribed import duty.This unique Indian tobacco consumption pattern is a combination of tradition and more importantly the tax imposed on cigarettes over the last two decades. Cigarette smokers pay almost 85% of the total tax revenues generated from tobacco. World over, tobacco is synonymous with cigarettes which account for about 80% of the total tobacco consumption. The consumption pattern in India is in sharp contrast with the world consumption pattern.

Dehydration technology is well established and proven. Certain products like green peas, cauliflower, carrots, spinach etc. command good prices during lean and off-season. . Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. Drying preserves foods by removing enough moisture from food to prevent decay and spoilage. Drying is highly energy consuming unit operation. Dehydration of vegetables by sun-drying is the oldest known method. Now modern techniques have been developed for dehydration of vegetables. The domestic garlic-dehydration industry takes meticulous measures to ensure an outstanding dried garlic product. The main advantages of dehydrated onions are that they are easy to store, being lighter in weight and smaller in bulk than fresh or other processed onions.

With growing incomes, changing lifestyles and hectic daily schedule, market for dehydrated vegetables is growing especially in urban areas. Proper placement of products in the departmental stores, super markets, shopping malls etc. backed-up by publicity is the key to success. India is also a prominent exporter of dried and preserved vegetables to the world. The country has exported 1,38,464,00 MT of dried and preserved vegetables to the world for the worth of Rs. 700.20 crores during the year 2011-12. Food processing industry in India is growing at 14% annum. . It is estimated that potential for processed foods is estimated to reach from Rs 8,200-billion in 2009-10 to Rs13, 500-billion by 2014-15. The Indian food production is estimated at 500 million tonnes and food processing industry has immense potential. India is a large and growing market for food products as it is growing at about 1.6%annum.

Corn flakes being one of most nutritious foods and is consumed as breakfast food not only in India but-elsewhere in the world. Corn flakes have very good taste. Though several other breakfast cereals are also available in the market but they are still to gain popularity. Besides the good taste, crispy nature, corn flakes are also popular because of their friable texture, blend flavour and above all the ease with which it can be prepared for consumption. Corn Flakes can be manufactured either of the two white or yellow corns. The only difference is that flake formed using yellow corn is more dark in colour. Both types of corn are grown in India. These days, predominantly, hybrid type of yellow corn is used as raw material for the manufacture of corn flakes.

At present, there are only few leading companies engaged in the manufacture of corn flakes to cater to the needs of the upper and affluent classes of society. It is estimated that about 500 tons of corn flakes are produced annually in our country. As it is a convenient breakfast food mainly consumed by the upper strata of the society, hoteliers, clubs, hospitals etc. The key trend in the last few years, which has driven the growth in the packaged breakfast market, is the busy urban lifestyles, be it wage earners, homemakers, adolescents or children, leading to a compromise in nutrition. There is a good scope to develop this important agro based food processing industry especially in the maize growing states to cater to the increasing demand of the metropolitan and industrialized cities. There is also a good scope of the export of this item in the Middle-East countries.

Liquid oxygen must be handled with all the precaution required for safety with any cryogenic fluid. Gaseous Oxygen is authorized for shipment in cylinders, tank, and car and tube trailers. Liquid Oxygen is shipped as a cryogenic fluid in insulated cylinders, insulated tank trucks and insulated tank cars. Gaseous Nitrogen is non- corrosive and inert and may consequently contained in system constructed of any common metals and designed to withstand safely the pressure involved. At the temperature of liquid nitrogen, ordinary carbon steels and most alloy steels lose their ductility and are considered unsatisfactory for liquid nitrogen service.

The industrial gases industry covers several products: oxygen, nitrogen, dissolved acety-lene, argon, carbon dioxide, helium and hydrogen. These find applications in various industries, such as steel, light and heavy engineering, petrochemicals and fertilisers, chemicals and pharma-ceuticals and food processing, besides metal cutting and welding. Oxygen is a vital requirement in medicare. Steel and downstream industries use nearly three- fourths of the output.Unlike western countries, where the industrial gases are mostly produced by gas companies and supplied to large industrial consumers, in India, most of the large consumers of gases have set up their own captive plants. With the expansion in steel, petrochemicals, automobiles and glass Industries, the demand for merchant gas market is on the rise. Accordingly, the industry is structured into two broad segments: (a) the captive units set up by the users or by a gas producing com-pany at the site of the user; and (b) the independent market producers supplying gas in bulk or in cylinders to the users.

Thinner is the solvent and thinner used with all types of lacquer, including nitrocellulose, CAB-acrylic and catalyzed. It's the most interesting of the finish solvents because it's composed of half-a-dozen or so individual solvents. Manufacturers vary these to control solvent strength and evaporation rate.

Solvents from all five of the solvent families are used in lacquer thinners. Thinners are solvent mixtures known to dissolve paints. It is dangerous to expose oneself to them daily. They can be used to remove tar buildup and other known compounds alike. Paint thinners work mainly on paints for exterior usage only and should not be used as a furniture polish.

Cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide and is the most abundant renewable resource available. It is a glucose polymer photosynthesized by solar energy in various plants and act as the structural basis of the plant cell wall. Cellulose from various sources has been found used in industry nowadays such as sugar beet pulp, lantana camera, and water hycianth and sago waste. For industrial use, cellulose today is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton. CMC is an anionic, biodegradable and linear polymer cellulose ether. It is one of the most versatile of water-soluble hydrocolloids. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl group. Poly Anionic Cellulose (PAC) is white or yellowish powder, which is non-toxic, odorless, and solvable in water, with stable resistance to heat, salt and bacteria. PAC is kind of high quality, low-viscosity cellulose polymer with low molecular weight.

Global Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market to Reach 892.14 Million Pounds. CMC has been witnessing steady growth during the past several years. Asia- Pacific represents the largest as well as fastest growing regional market for carboxymethyl cellulose cornering a substantial share of the global market, as stated by the new market research report on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). . In the foreseeable future, the market is projected to demonstrate moderate growth driven by increasing demand for the product in various end-use applications, with the Food industry, including ice creams and dairy products likely to demonstrate the fastest growth in Cellulose consumption. A significant portion of the demand for carboxymethyl cellulose in Asia-Pacific originates from countries such as China and India. The region also houses more number of cellulose producers than any other region in the world. Market for cellulose in Asia-Pacific is poised to demonstrate a strong compounded annual growth rate of 3.8%.

Pre-gelatinized starch is a processed carbohydrate, used as a texturizer and/or binder. It is typically derived from corn, waxy corn, potato, or tapioca. It has nothing to do with gelatin. It is safe for vegetarians and vegans. Drilling fluid carries the rock excavated by the drill bit up to the surface. Its ability to do so depends on cutting size, shape, and density, and speed of fluid traveling up the well (annular velocity).

Global Oilfield Chemical Market Forecast to Reach $28 Billion in 2016. Drilling fluids will remain the largest product category and stimulation chemicals are the fastest growth segment in oilfield chemicals market. Demand for oilfield chemicals in Africa/Mideast region is expected to grow based on increased natural gas production. During the past ten years a major breakthrough in the production of oil field chemicals has taken place in India. The satisfactory field performance of some of the specialist chemicals developed as per international standards has greatly reduced the dependence on imports.

Natural rubber is a high molecular weight polymeric substance with viscoelastic properties. Structurally it is cis 1,4-polyisoprene. Isoprene is a diene and 1, 4 addition leaves a double bond in each of the isoprene unit in the polymer. Because of this, natural rubber shows all the reactions of an unsaturated polymer. It gives addition compounds with halogens, ozone, hydrogen chloride and several other reactants that react with olefins. An interesting reaction of natural rubber is its combination with sulphur. This is known as vulcanisation. Vulcanised rubber will have very high tensile strength and comparatively low elongation. Its hardness and abrasion resistance also will be high when compared to raw rubber. Because of the unique combination of these properties, natural rubber finds application in the manufacture of a variety of products.

India is the fourth largest producer of Natural Rubber, after Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia is the second largest producer contributing around 27% of the world's total natural rubber production. In the year 2011, India produced 890 thousand tonnes of natural rubber, up from 851 thousand tonnes in the previous year. India contributes 8% of the world natural rubber production. Earlier, rubber production was expected to grow by 2.6 per cent. The global supply had meanwhile grown by 8.6 per cent to 10.305 million tones. The rubber growing regions in India can be classified under two major zones, traditional and non?traditional, on the basis of agro?climatic conditions.

Stainless Steel is a common name for metal alloys that consist of 10.5% or more Chromium (Cr) and more than 50% Iron (Fe). Although it is called "stainless", a better term for it is "highly stain resistant". By adding chromium to low carbon steel gives it stain resistance. The three main types of stainless steels are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. These three types of steels are identified by their microstructure or predominant crystal phase. . There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment the alloy must endure. Stainless steel is used where both the properties of steel and resistance to corrosion are required.

Oil sector absorbs nearly 60% of seamless pipes, while some 30% are consumed by bearings and boiler manufacturers. Apart from a number of small producers in the organized sector, a very large informal sector also exists. The organised secondary sector contributes substantially to the total market requirement of all large dia pipe market. Steel tubes industry is poised for a 30% growth in the wake of a growing demand in the infrastructure construction sector, mainly in scaffolding in buildings. The sector has grown dramatically in the recent past at a record 20% growth owing to several infrastructure projects lined up by the government and the private sector.

Mosquitoes need to be exterminated using with right tools and little bit of effort. Mosquito coil is mosquito-repelling incense, usually shaped into a spiral. . Burning usually begins at the outer end of the spiral and progresses slowly toward the centre of the spiral, producing a mosquito- repellent smoke. Insecticides are used either for killing or controlling of harmful insects. The insecticides which are applied for repelling insects are termed as "Repellent". Mosquito is one of the most harmful insects for mankind. To destroy them many preparations are available in the market in various recipies like pest killer spray, soap, oil, powder, repellent etc. Out of these, mosquito repellent is the most popular as it has germicidal and disinfectant properties and is able to repel mosquitoes and is convenient to use.

The insect menace and losses due to various types of insects is an age- old problem. Many type of insecticides/ pesticides/ weedicides/ germicides etc. have been developed with a huge expenditure throughout the world. The actual statistics of the marketing of this protective household device is not available but is popularity shows that it is in great demand in India and for that matter in most of developing and developed countries. With the list of the manufacturers it is clear that there are very small number of manufacturers of mosquito repelling devices and mats, which indicates that the entire demand will not be possible to be met with the installed capacity alone. Thus, new entrants will have to be invited with large capacities of production. All these information are very attractive and conducive for setting up units in this field with full confidence.

Masala is a word that is often used in an Indian kitchen. It literally means a blend of several spices. Spices impart aroma, color and taste to food preparations and sometimes mask undesirable odors. The volatile oils from spices give the aroma and the oleoresins impart the taste. The majority of herbs and spices constitute important bioactive secondary metabolites which possess versatile pharmacological and medicinal properties. Spices are essential ingredients in any good cook's kitchen. They are also used in the manufacture of incense, oils, cosmetics, preservatives and flavorings. Exports will get a significant boost in the coming years as more farmers switch to organic methods.

India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of spices, with a 46 per cent share by volume and 23 per cent share by value, in the world market. The Indian spice export basket consists of around 50 spices in whole form and more than 80 products in value added form. However, a few spices and value added forms constitute a major segment of the country's total export earnings. The demand for spices and its products are ever increasing both in the internal and external markets. India is among the major producer and exporter of all these spices. The demand for domestic spices is high - not only in India but also in countries such as the United States, European Union, Arab countries and South Asian countries.

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