Two types of protein derived from peas are pea protein isolate and pea protein concentrate. Pea protein concentrate includes between 60 and 80% protein, whereas pea protein isolate is a highly purified type of pea protein that often contains more than 90% protein by weight. Due to their superior nutritional qualities, as well as their advantages for the environment and human health, both types of pea protein have grown in popularity in recent years. The technical and financial issues of generating pea protein isolate and concentrate will be assessed in this paper.
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Technical Assessment
Wet milling, separation, and drying are the steps used to create pea protein isolate and concentrate. There are various steps in the procedure, which we shall list below:
Dehulling and Cleaning: Cleaning and removing any foreign objects or contaminants from the peas is the first stage. Aspiration and sieving are two mechanical and pneumatic techniques that are used to accomplish this. The process of dehulling, which entails removing the pea’s hull, is performed on the peas after they have been cleaned.
Grinding and Milling: The peas are next milled and ground into a fine powder. The peas are normally ground into particles of a particular size using a pin mill or an air classifier mill for this.
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Protein Extraction: After that, the pea protein is drawn out of the pea powder using an aqueous solution, usually one that is alkaline like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The pea powder is mixed with this solution to make a slurry, which is then divided into two fractions: a fiber-rich fraction and a protein-rich fraction.
Separation: Using a centrifuge or another technique, such as ultrafiltration, the protein-rich fraction is subsequently separated from the fiber-rich fraction. After that, water is used to wash away any remaining alkali or other contaminants from the protein-rich fraction.
Drying: The protein-rich fraction must be dried as the last stage in order to produce pea protein isolate or concentrate. The water is typically removed from the protein-rich fraction by spray drying or freeze drying, leaving behind a dry powder.
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Economic Analysis
Costs associated with the manufacture of pea protein isolate and concentrate include those associated with personnel, equipment, raw materials, and energy. Here, we shall assess each of these expenses:
Costs of Raw Materials: Pea prices vary depending on a number of variables, such as the region, the season, and the quality of the peas. Pea prices currently range from $0.25 to $0.30 per pound, according to recent data. Assuming an 80% yield, 1.25 pounds of peas are required to generate 1 pound of pea protein concentrate. Therefore, the price of raw materials to produce 1 pound of pea protein concentrate ranges from $0.31 to $0.38.
Labor Expenses: Operators, technicians, and quality control staff are needed for the manufacture of pea protein isolate and concentrate. The labour expense to produce 1 pound of pea protein concentrate is roughly $0.10, assuming an average labour cost of $20 per hour and a production duration of 24 hours per day.
Equipment Costs: Milling and grinding equipment, protein extraction equipment, separation equipment, and drying equipment are all needed to produce pea protein isolate and concentrate. The price of this equipment varies according to the device’s size and complexity. According to a $500,000 average equipment cost estimate, it costs around $0.25 to produce 1 pound of pea protein concentrate.
Energy Costs: A lot of energy is needed to produce pea protein isolate and concentrate, including electricity, steam, and gas. Assuming a 24-hour manufacturing cycle and an average energy cost of $0.10 per kWh.
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