Introduction
Plywood is a form of engineered wood sheet made up of fine layers or flimsy strands of wood veneers that are glued together at 90 degrees to one another. It is a type of manufactured board that is a combination of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and Chip Board (Particle Board). It’s a complicated substance that joins resin and wood fiber sheets. Plywood has grown in popularity over the last decade due to its low moisture content, which makes it ideal for a variety of tasks. Plywood has become very popular to use, particularly for outdoor purposes. Plywood is used in the construction of Motor Torpedo Boats and Motor Gun Boats by the renowned British powerboat firm.
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Uses
Plywood is a form of engineered wood sheet made up of fine layers or flimsy strands of wood veneers that are glued together at 90 degrees to one another. It is a type of manufactured board that is a combination of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) and Chip Board (Particle Board). It’s a complicated substance that joins resin and wood fibre sheets.
Followings are the uses and applications of plywood:
- It is required wherever firm, strong material is required.
- It is used as a high-quality layered wood material.
- It was critical for construction and furniture making because of its resistance to bending, splitting, breaking, cracking, twisting, and warping.
- For use in the open air.
- For space or aviation parts making.
- Since 1939, aviation has been used for space transportation.
- Low-moisture plywood is used for a variety of applications, including shipbuilding.
- U, or folded plywood, is used to create curved surfaces because the grains of plywood are easier to bend than those of regular wood.
- This is used to build the inner surface of a skating rink.
- Can be used for a variety of indoor stadium sports.
- For the building of ships
Production
A good peeler log, which is generally straighter and larger in diameter than one needed for sawmill processing into dimensioned lumber, is required for plywood production. A long blade is pushed into the log horizontally and rotated around its long axis, allowing a thin layer of wood to peel off (much as a continuous sheet of paper from a roll).
During rotation, a solid or roller nosebar is pushed against the log to create a “gap” for the veneer to move through between the knife and the nosebar. The nosebar helps to maintain the veneer being peeled to an accurate thickness by partially compressing the wood as it is peeled, controlling the vibration of the peeling knife, and assisting in holding the veneer being peeled to an accurate thickness.
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The log is peeled into sheets of veneer, which are then cut to the desired oversize dimensions to allow it to shrink when dried (depending on wood species). To shape the plyboard plate, the sheets are patched, graded, glued together, and baked in a press at a temperature of at least 140 °C (284 °F) and a pressure of up to 1.9 MPa (280 psi) (but more generally 200 psi).
Depending on the market for which it is intended, the panel may be patched, minor surface defects such as splits or small knot holes filled, re-sized, sanded, or otherwise refinished.
Indoor plywood typically uses a less costly urea-formaldehyde glue with minimal water resistance, whereas outdoor and marine plywood is engineered to withstand moisture and uses a water-resistant phenol-formaldehyde glue to avoid delamination and maintain strength in high humidity.
Plyboard adhesives have been a source of controversy. In very high amounts, both urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde are carcinogenic. As a result, several manufacturers are switching to “E”-rated low formaldehyde-emitting glue systems. Formaldehyde emissions are essentially zero in plyboard manufactured to “E0” standards.
In addition to the glues, producers are focusing on the wood resources themselves, in part due to energy efficiency and respect for natural resources. Manufacturers who participate in these programmes may earn a variety of certifications.
All certification initiatives that ensure that processing and construction practices are sustainable include the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), and Greenguard. Many of these initiatives provide tax advantages to both the manufacturer and the end consumer.
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Plywood comes in many different varieties for various applications:
Plywood made of softwood
Softwood plywood is usually made of cedar, Douglas fir, spruce, oak, and fir (collectively known as spruce-pine-fir or SPF) or redwood and is used in building and industry.
Plywood made of hardwood
Hardwood plywood is made from dicot trees (Oak, Beech, and Mahogany) and is used for high-strength applications. Hardwood plywood is known for its high strength, stiffness, and creep resistance. It has high impact resistance and planar shear strength, making it ideal for heavy-duty floor and wall structures. The wheel-carrying ability of oriented plywood construction is high. Hardwood plywood has a high degree of surface hardness, as well as resistance to damage and wear.
Plywood from the tropics
Tropical plywood is made from a variety of tropical wood types. Originally from Asia, it is now produced in African and South American countries as well. Tropical plywood outperforms softwood plywood in terms of density, weight, layer evenness, and overall consistency. If it is made to high standards, it is normally sold at a premium in many countries. In the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Taiwan, Korea, Dubai, and other countries around the world, tropical plywood is commonly used. Because of its low cost, it is used for building in many areas. Many countries’ forests, including the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, have been over-harvested, owing to the demand for plywood production and export.
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Plywood for Airplanes
DH-98 (De Havilland) Mosquito was constructed of veneers that were bent and glued together. High-strength plywood, also known as aircraft plywood, is manufactured with heat and humidity-resistant adhesives and is made from mahogany, spruce, and/or birch. During World War II, it was used to build air assault gliders as well as many fighter aircraft, the most famous of which was the multi-role British Mosquito. Plywood, dubbed “The Wooden Wonder,” was used for the wing surfaces as well as flat parts like bulkheads and wing spar webs. The monocoque fuselage’s bonded ply-balsa-ply “sandwich” provided exceptional rigidity; elliptical in cross-section, it was shaped in two different mirror-image halves using curved moulds.
Decorative Plywood (Overlaid Plywood)
Decorative plywood (overlaid plywood) is usually made of hardwoods such as ash, oak, red oak, birch, maple, mahogany, shorea (also known as lauan, meranti, or Philippine mahogany), rosewood, teak, and a variety of other hardwoods.
Plywood that bends
Flexible plywood was created for the purpose of creating curved pieces, a tradition that dates back to the 1850s in the furniture industry. [requires citation] Mahogany three-ply “wiggle board” or “bendy board” sheets are 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick and come in 4 by 8 foot (1.2 m 2.4 m) sheets with a very thin cross-grain central ply and two thicker exterior plies, either long grain or cross grain. When moulded into the desired curve, wiggle board is often glued together in two layers to make the final shape rigid and resistant to movement. Decorative wood veneers are often used as a surface layer.
Plywood for the Marine Environment
Marine plywood is made from tough face and core veneers with few flaws, so it lasts longer in humid and wet environments and prevents delamination and fungus. Its design allows it to be used in areas where it will be exposed to moisture for extended periods of time. Each veneer will be made from tropical hardwoods and will have a small core gap, reducing the risk of water trapping in the plywood and ensuring a strong and durable glue bond. Like other exterior plywoods, it’s glued with an exterior Weather and Boil Proof (WBP) glue.
Market Outlook
In the year 2020, the global plywood market will be worth nearly USD 43 billion. Between 2021 and 2026, the plywood industry is projected to expand at a CAGR of 5%, reaching a value of nearly USD 57.6 billion. The global plywood demand is fueled by the construction industry’s expansion. The Asia Pacific area is the most important market, with the largest market share. India and China are the largest plywood markets in the Asia Pacific region, owing to growing population growth and rising disposable incomes in both countries. Manufacturers’ rising technical innovations to minimise manufacturing costs, increase profitability, and boost the quality of plywood products are also helping the industry.
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Indian Plywood Market
In 2020, the Indian plywood market will be worth INR 222.5 billion. Plywood is made up of thin layers of wood veneers that are glued together with strong adhesives. In the manufacture of plywood for different uses, softwoods, hardwoods, or a mixture of the two are used, such as many types of maple, mahogany, oak, pine, cedar, spruce, and so on. Hardwood plywood sheets are used to make furniture and other interior uses, while softwood plywood sheets are used to build on the exterior of a building. Plywood is primarily used for furniture manufacturing in India, accounting for two-thirds of total wood use. The Indian plywood market is expected to rise moderately between 2021 and 2026.
Key Players:
- Archidply Industries Ltd.
- Asian Pre-Lam Inds. Pvt. Ltd.
- Associate Decor Ltd.
- Austin Plywood Pvt. Ltd.
- Century Plyboards (India) Ltd.
- Duroply Industries Ltd.
- Ecoboard Industries Ltd.
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