Introduction:
Industrial gases are used in a variety of industries and are gaseous at room temperature and pressure. Chemicals, electricity, medicine, electronics, aerospace, and even food are among these industries. These gases, as useful as they are, can be flammable and pose other risks. Gases, liquids, and cryogenic liquids are all possible uses for industrial gases. They are commonly accepted by industrial users as gases that are used in significant quantities in their pure form. No animal can survive without oxygen, which is a natural resource. Fish and other marine organisms depend on oxygen gas dissolved in water in the same way as humans do. Another money-saving option is an oxygen plant that includes a molecular screen battery drier device for moisture and carbon dioxide separation. It removes acetylene and other hydrocarbons from the process air, removing the need for separate acetylene absorbents and, more importantly, the expense of caustic soda.
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Nitrogen gas is an inert gas that can be found in abundance in nature, both free and as part of industrially important compounds. Nitrogen gas is colourless, odourless, and tasteless, as well as being inert. These characteristics make it suitable for use in a variety of manufacturing processes, but they also make it a potential safety hazard for workers. As a result, nitrogen gas producers and consumers must take sufficient nitrogen safety measures. The chemical element nitrogen has the symbol N and the atomic number 7. Nitrogen is the lightest element of Periodic Group 15, also known as the pnictogens. It is a common factor in the universe, with a total abundance estimated to be about seventh in the Milky Way and Solar System. Two atoms of the element join together at normal temperature and pressure to form dinitrogen, a colourless and odourless diatomic gas with the formula N2.
Uses of Oxygen and Nitrogen Gas Plant:
The industrial and medical gases industries represent a sizable number of customers in the city. Industrial gases are needed in almost all manufacturing processes. In the essential and infrastructure sectors, large amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon are used. For cutting and welding, shipyards and the automotive industry use acetylene, propane, and mixtures of fuel gases and oxygen. In the recycling of plastics, packaging, and scrap tyres, liquid nitrogen is important. All major industrial gases are used as a raw material or for inerting in the chemical industry. Cylinder gas and mixtures make up the other smaller industry group. In steelmaking, oxygen is needed for the reaction that converts carbon to carbon dioxide gas, which occurs at high temperatures in a blast furnace. The carbon dioxide emitted enables iron oxides to be reduced to more pure iron compounds. Other applications that include metal and require high temperatures, such as welding torches, use oxygen. Hydrocarbon molecules are broken apart by heating, and oxygen is used to degrade them. This is used to generate combustion, which produces water and carbon dioxide in most cases, but also the hydrocarbons acetylene, propylene, and ethylene in some cases. Nitrogen gas is used by some factories on a daily basis in remote areas.
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Due to safety concerns and time delays, delivering liquid nitrogen to these locations is not feasible. It is important for industries such as chemical production, offshore drilling, and some pharmaceutical firms to have on-site nitrogen. On-site nitrogen generation not only ensures a consistent nitrogen solution, but it also helps these industries to adjust their purity levels depending on the application. The importance of nitrogen as a purging gas in the steel industry cannot be overstated. It’s used as an assist gas to blast molten material away, resulting in a better, corrosion-resistant stainless or aluminized steel product. When formation pressures start to dwindle, nitrogen produced by various standard methods can be injected into an oil reservoir as an enhanced oil recovery technique. These secondary recovery strategies can restore and extend the life of well-produced goods.
Manufacturing of Oxygen and Nitrogen Gas Plant:
Compressed oxygen, liquid oxygen, and nitrogen are the four materials. d) All liquid nitrogen is extracted in the same plant from air. The raw material, air, is cryogenically liquefied, and the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen components are separated in a fractional distillation column. Compressors / pumps bottle compressed oxygen and nitrogen gases into cylinders. After vaporisation of the respective liquid fractions, compressed oxygen and nitrogen gases are bottled into cylinders by compressors / pumps. The air is compressed to a pressure of 30kg/cm2 in three steps. Following that, water vapour and carbon dioxide are removed using a battery of molecular sieves. The carbon dioxide and water vapor-free air is compressed still more to a pressure. External refrigeration is used to compress the outgoing carbon dioxide and water vapour free air to a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 and cool it significantly. The outgoing product gases cool the high-pressure air even further in heat exchangers. The majority of the cold air is allowed to expand via an expansion motor, while the remainder is redirected via an expansion valve. The expansion engine’s downstream air reaches a pressure of 5 kg/cm2 and a significantly lower temperature. Partially liquefaction of air occurs when the other stream of air passing through the expansion valve is extended to a pressure of 5kg/cm2.
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Both streams of air are combined and added to the bottom column of the double rectification column as a liquid vapour mixture (fractional Distillation Column). Because of mass and heat transfer at each perforated tray in the column, nitrogen-rich liquid vapour collects at the top trays, while an oxygen-rich liquid-vapor mixture collects at the bottom trays. The liquid nitrogen that has accumulated at the top of the bottom column is drawn out and stored in vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks as a product. This liquid nitrogen is pumped from the storage tank via vaporizers for gasification and bottling into cylinders to produce nitrogen gas. The oxygen-rich liquid-vapor mixture at the bottom column’s sump is redirected to the distillation column’s top column, which operates at a lower pressure of 0.5kg/cm2. Further separation of oxygen and nitrogen vapour occurs in this low-pressure column through a mass and heat transfer process at the various trays inside the column.
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Due to heat exchange with the cooler liquid nitrogen produced at the top of the bottom column, the separated oxygen vapours settle at the bottom of this column and condense to form liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen that has accumulated at the bottom of the top column is extracted as a result and stored in vacuum-insulated cryogenic tanks. This liquid oxygen can be vaporised by heat exchange between incoming process airs and compressed by oxygen compressors for bottling into cylinders to produce compressed oxygen. Alternatively, the stored liquid oxygen may be pumped into vaporizers for gasification and cylinder filling. The plant’s processing modes can be changed to produce:
1) Liquid nitrogen and compressed oxygen, with in-built vaporizers filling compressed oxygen, or
2) Liquid oxygen only, with external vaporizers filling compressed oxygen, depending on requirements.
Market Outlook:
The rising demand for alternative energy sources is driving the growth of the industrial gases industry. Furthermore, the global industrial gases market is being driven by increasing demand for industrial gases in the health care sector. In the other side, the government is strict. Its business development is being hampered by laws and regulations relating to environmental emissions and safety concerns. At a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -0.9 percent, the global industrial gas demand is forecast to decrease from $101.8 billion in 2019 to $100.9 billion in 2020. The industrial gases industry is expanding due to growing demand for renewable energy sources. Furthermore, rising demand for industrial gases in the health-care sector is driving the global industrial gases market. The government, on the other hand, is strict. However, the industrial gases industry is capital-intensive and needs significant investment, which may be a limiting factor in the market’s growth. The global industrial gases market has a plethora of growth prospects in emerging economies.
Increasing Demand of Oxygen Gas Due to Covid-19:
The COVID-19 epidemic resulted in a major rise in global demand for medical oxygen. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and infectious diseases such as Covid-19, cancer, asthma, diabetes, heart attack, and others, as well as an increase in the global geriatric population, are driving the medical oxygen gas cylinders industry. The compressed oxygen gas in commercial oxygen gas cylinders is used for medical purposes. Patients suffering from illnesses such as asthma, cancer, and others benefit greatly from medical oxygen gas cylinders. The primary goal of an oxygen cylinder is to keep the body supplied with pure oxygen. Oxygen cylinders are in high demand in hospitals, home care settings, and other places. With the number of Covid-19 cases in the electricity approaching 19,000, demand for oxygen has increased as a result of patients needing breathing assistance due to the disease’s lung complications. Now is the time to put medical oxygen first. Oxygen should be viewed as a critical utility, much like electricity.
Key Players:
- Air Liquide India Holding Pvt. Ltd.
- Arrow Oxygen Ltd.
- Bellary Oxygen Co. Pvt. Ltd.
- Bhagawati Oxygen Ltd.
- Bhilai Oxygen Ltd.
- Govind Poy Oxygen Ltd.
- Howrah Gases Ltd.
- Linde India Ltd.
- Madhav Industrial Gases Pvt. Ltd.
- Niket Udyog Ltd.
- Praxair India Pvt. Ltd.
- Pushya Industrial Gases Ltd.
- Rukmani Metals & Gaseous Pvt. Ltd.
- Saraogi Oxygen Ltd.
- Southern Gas Ltd.
- Travancore Oxygen Ltd.
For More Details: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/industrial-gases-projects/z,,23,0,a/index.html
