Caramel is a medium to dark-brown confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars. It can be used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons, or as a topping for ice cream and custard.

Caramel color or caramel coloring is a water-soluble food coloring ...

Copper makes vital contributions to sustaining and improving society. Copper's chemical, physical and aesthetic properties make it a material of choice in a wide range of domestic, industrial and high technology applications. The electrolytic method is probably the most economical method f ...

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes, generally Vitisvinifera or its hybrids with Vitislabrusca or Vitisrupestris. Grapes ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients as yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol a ...

Enzymes are ideal catalysts—they are highly selective in nature and work under mild conditions. By combining the right enzymes with genetic engineering, enzyme companies have developed proteins that can work in harsh process environments, such as those that use solvents, salts and high t ...

An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely; very little electric current will flow through it under the influence of an electric field. This contrasts with other materials, semiconductors and conductors, which conduct electric current more easily. ...

Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of sugars, mainly derived from cereal grain starches—most commonly from malt ...

Micronutrients are elements which are essential for plant growth, but are required in much smaller amounts than those of the primary nutrients; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The micronutrients are boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), and chloride ...

Lime is manufactured from lime stone. Lime is mainly used for manufacture of hydrated lime. Hydrated lime is a dry powder obtained by treating quick lime with water. It consists essentially of calcium hydroxide and some magnesium hydroxide. The project envisages production of lime by calcinati ...

High Carbon Ferro- manganese containing about 7% carbon is not suitable for the production of steels or other alloys containing manganese in which it is desired to maintain the carbon at low level. For the manufacture of such materials the manganese must be added either as the relatively pure ...

The materials now available for packaging are paper and paper products, metal containers and foils, glass, plastics-rigid and flexible, cellulose films, textiles including jute, woven plastics and wood. Among the packaging materials, paper and paper based products continue to occupy a predomin ...