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NPCS Newsletter –April 2012

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NPCS Newsletter –April 2012

                 NPCS Newsletter –April 2012

 

Project Profiles of below projects can be viewed/ downloaded from http://niir.org/profiles/

 

Surfactants

(Hand Wash, Floor Cleaner, Toilet Cleaner, Phenyl Black And White, Glass Cleaner, Dish Wash Liquid, Air Freshener)

 

Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as Air freshener, detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic, meaning they contain both hydrophobic groups (their tails) and hydrophilic groups (their heads). Therefore, a surfactant molecule contains both water insoluble (or oil soluble) component and water soluble component. Surfactant molecules will diffuse in water and adsorb at interfaces between air and water or at the interface between oil and water, in the case where water is mixed with oil.

 

Global demand for anionic surfactants was approximately 6.5 million tons in 2010. Anionic and non-ionic surfactants combined account for roughly 85 percent of global demand for surfactants. Most important buyers worldwide include manufacturers of household cleaners & detergents. Industrial cleaners accounted for just less than 9% of global consumption in 2010. Surfactant demand from manufacturers of household cleaners like floor cleaner, toilet cleaner, glass cleaner etc. & detergents is predicted to rise by 2.6% per yr by 2018.


Goat Farming for Meat and Breeding

Goat isone of the world’s smallest domesticated livestock, have been actively managed for food and fiber earlier and longer than cattle and sheep. Goats can survive on bushes, trees, desert scrub, and vegetation that sheep and cattle are not able to consume. This dietary versatility and adaptability combined with a hardy constitution is what makes goats a primary livestock animal for most of the world.The goat; a mini-cow is multipurpose animal to provide milk meat, hide, hair (fur) and manure for soil. In hilly areas goats are also used for hauling light load. Now in rural areas goat farming plays a vital role to solve unemployment.

The world population of goats is approximately 674 million, of which 94% are found in the developing countries. Africa and Asia account for about 81% of the total population in the developing countries, including a bewildering variety of breeds. Goat rearing is the backbone of economy of small and landless farmers in India. It is an insurance against crop failure and provides alternate source of livelihood to famers all the year round. Goats play an important role in income generation, capital storage, employment generation and improving household nutrition.

 

 

 

Integrated Unit

Herbal Hair Oils, Herbal Cosmetic, Ayurvedic Pharmacy

 

Herbal Cosmetics are formulated, using various permissible cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to provide defined cosmetic benefits only, shall be called as Herbal Cosmetics. Mixtures and pastes were then used to whiten the face, a practice which remained popular till over four hundred years later.

The size of Indian Cosmetics Industry globally is $ 274 billion, while that of the Indian cosmetic industry is $ 4.6 billion. According to analysis and figures given by the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), the total Indian beauty and cosmetic market size currently stands at US $950 million and showing growth between 15-20% per annum. Industry sources estimate a rapid growth rate of 20% per annum.

 

Pet Bottles from Pet Resin

PET - polyethylene terephthalate is a form of polyester or resin, clear and lightweight, non-reactive, economical, and shatterproof plastic used around the world as an excellent energy-efficient packaging material. It is extruded or molded into plastic bottles and containers for packaging foods and beverages, personal care products, and many other consumer products.  PET is the most recycled plastic worldwide. PET bottles/containers are popular for packaging sodas, water, juices, salad dressings, cooking oil, peanut butter, shampoo, liquid hand soap, mouthwash, pharmaceuticals, even tennis balls. Virtually all single-serving and 2-liter bottles of carbonated soft drinks and water sold in the U.S. are made from PET. Special grades of PET are used for carry-home prepared food containers that can be warmed in the oven or microwave. PET is a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Pellets of the PET resin are heated to a molten liquid, which can be easily extruded or molded into almost any shape.

PET packaging has been doing very well as it offers the flexibilities of innovation, both in terms of pack design and size. Pepsi expects 15% reduction in the share of glass bottles from 65%. Likewise Coco-Cola India is not far behind in lapping up the growth in the PET model. India produces around 500,000 tons of PET annually. The overall capacity of the industry is rated at about 650,000 tons per year. The application of PET resin for packaging is expected to grow in the coming years. Products like ketchup, beer and juices will be packed in PET made possible by hot fill and multilayer technology.

 

 

Biscuit Plant

 

Biscuits are one of the important bakery items and can be used whole day irrespective of time.  It is very common for morning breakfast and also used as snacks. Biscuits are generally classified into soft biscuits, hard biscuits and crackers. Biscuit dough are made mainly from flour, fat, sugar and water, with minor amounts of flavor, colors, and aerating agents and possibly eggs and fruits. Around the world Biscuits is the principal food and provides more nutrients than any other single food source. The value of grain in the world used for human consumption is over 2-3 times of the value of the world iron and steel production.   Although only 14% of the grain in the world is handled through international channels, cereal grains make up more than half of all the goods in overseas trade.

 

India Biscuits Industry is the largest among all the food industries and has a turnover of around Rs.3000 crores. India is known to be the second largest manufacturer of biscuits, the first being USA. It is classified under two sectors: organized and unorganized. Bread and biscuits are the major part of the bakery industry and covers around 80 percent of the total bakery products in India. Biscuit stands at a higher value and production level than bread. This belongs to the unorganized sector of the bakery Industry and covers over 70% of the total production. Indian biscuit industry has occupied around 55-60 percent of the entire bakery production.

 

Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice)

Dry ice is manufactured primarily in two forms, either as a block of dry ice which weighs over 50 lb (22.7 kg) or in small pieces that vary in size from the size of a grain of rice to a larger pellet. Dry ice does not melt, instead it sublimates, meaning the solid turns directly into a gas (bypassing the liquid state) as the temperature rises and the solid begins to dissipate. This unusual feature results in a smoking effect, and dry ice appears to be steaming as it sublimates. Dry ice itself is not poisonous, but the surface of the solid is so cold that it should not be touched without gloves. Also, while the gas is stable and inert, it is heavier than air and can concentrate in low areas or enclosed spaces.

The dry ice industry as a whole has greatly changed during the past few years with reorganizations and mergers. In most scenarios, dry ice represents one of the largest consumable costs for companies such as medical device suppliers, pharmaceutical companies, laboratories, and others that use dry ice in their day-to-day cold-chain operations. Demand for dry ice, which has traditionally been a seasonal item, has recently been shifting to being supplied by short distance transport by consumers cooperative society (co-op) and courier services which are not affected by temperature or weather. This is considered to be part of the reason for the reduced rate of growth.

L-Ascorbic Acid

L-Ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. Its appearance is white to light yellow crystals or powder. It is water-soluble. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. L-Ascorbic acid is a versatile water soluble radical scavenger widely distributed in aerobic organisms that plays a central role in the protection of cellular components against oxidative damage by free radicals and oxidants that are involved in the development and exacerbation of a multitude of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, brain dysfunction, aging, rheumatism, inflammation, stroke, emphysema, and AIDS. L-Ascorbic acid (also called vitamin C) is a carbohydrate-like substance involved in the metabolic functions including synthesis of collagen, maintenance of the structural strength of the blood vessels, metabolism of certain amino acids, and the synthesis or release of hormones in the adrenal glands. It occurs as a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder with a slight acidic taste. L- Ascorbic Acid is freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform, ether, and benzene.

 

Ascorbic acid is major food ingredients, and also plays a major role in the fermentation industry. In the past ten years, the markets for these products have changed dramatically. The demand for ascorbic acid in food and non-food applications has increased continuously and substantial capacities have been built up. The global market for isoascorbic acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid is estimated at $1,700 million. Food applications account for $1,080 million, feed applications for $90 million. Chinese producers currently have a market share of 37% in isoascorbic acid, 65% in ascorbic acid and 34% in citric acid. Sales of isoascorbic acid will grow at an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 2.9%. The European market for citric acid accounts for a total of 37% of sales and the U.S. market for 28% of sales.

 

Current world production is estimated at approximately 80,000 metric tons per year with a worldwide market in excess of $600 million. It is synthesized both biologically and chemically from D-glucose.

 

Solar Cells

Solar cells are the devices where solar energy is directly converted into electricity. Solar cells are made of naturally available semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. The resistivity of these materials is between those of conductors and insulators. Therefore they are called semiconductors. They behave like insulators at low temperature and like conductors above room temperature. To increase its conductivity semiconductors are doped with impurities. Semiconductors which are doped with impurities like boron or aluminium are termed as p-type semiconductors and those doped with impurities like phosphorous, are called n-type semiconductors. In p-type semiconductors holes are majority carriers and electrons are minority carriers and in n-type semiconductors electrons are majority carriers and holes are minority carriers.

Solar electric energy demand has grown by an average 30% per annum over the past 20 years against a backdrop of rapidly declining costs and prices. This decline in cost has been driven by economies of manufacturing scale, manufacturing technology improvements, and the increasing efficiency of solar cells.

In 2009, the photovoltaic solar industry generated $38.5 billion in revenues globally, which includes the sale of solar modules and associated equipment, and the installation of solar systems. Solar buzz produces various forecast scenarios which, depending on the factors, see growth in the world PV market from $46.3 billion to $96.8 billion in 2014.PV installations grew to 7.3 GW in 2009, up 20% from the prior year. The various forecast scenarios predict demand rising to 15.4‑37 GW in 2014, more than five times the size of the 2009 market. The worldwide on-grid segment grew by 20% in 2009, and the off-grid market grew 23% in 2009, faster than on-grid for the first time in 15 years but on a much smaller base.

 

Floral Foam

 

Floral Foam is the plastic spongy material that florists use to put their many beautiful flower designs in place.  It has effectively replaced the conventional way of arranging flowers which entailed utilizing wet newspaper, twigs, chicken wire and pin holders.  The recurring problem in the past with these traditional methods of flower arrangement is the shorter lifespan of the floral designs that may take hours to create.  Using floral foams not only helps in keeping the artistic designs in place, but they also make your flowers last longer.

 

 

Floral Foam was not considered as essential part for decoration but now a day’s floral foam is one of the key parts of floral arrangements & decoration. Commercial floriculture is as beneficiary of the policy of crop diversification in agriculture. The growth in this segment is reflected in rising domestic demand for flower and floral exports. Commercial floriculture is increasingly being considered a high remunerative economic activity by small and large farmers across the country and if the sector gets organized, there could be a massive Rs. 10,000 crores business opportunity! It is worthwhile noting that despite India’s share in the $ 11 billion global market for flowers and flower products having touched just about 0.65 per cent, the growth potential is large.

 

Maize Wet Milling Process

 

Maize is third important cereal/crop after wheat and rice and has a great potential of processing due to its high nutritive value and commercial uses. Maize (also known as corn) is common name for a cereal grass widely grown for food and livestock fodder. Maize ranks with wheat and rice as one of the world’s chief grain crops. Starch is produced from maize than any other crop. Maize is the most important raw material for industrial starch. Other products are germ; corn gluten and fiber. There is basic series of dry milling or wet milling process required for getting optimum quality products. Both the milling processes have merits and demerits of the quality of products and cost effectiveness.

In case of wet milling there is series step for cleaning, steeping wet grinding centrifuging, drying and packaging. The whole wet milling process required large amount of demineralized water. There is also larger amount environmental pollution problem, which should be neutralized by preliminary treatmentto get neutral effluent. There is larger amount of raw material available in India, which can exploit by manufacturing different available product in the maize. Manufacturing process technology is available in India, for the manufacturing of maize base products. Major plant and machineries are available in India. Few of them require to import. All the products manufactured from maize are food base product so it has very good market demand now as well as it will be stay in future also due to rapid population growth. As a whole the project is good one.

The production of maize is likely to go up by 19 per cent to touch 21 million tons in 2010-11.  India is estimated to generate an annual demand of nearly 23 million ton of corn by 2011-12. According to Vision 2025, released on Thursday by Indian Maize Development Association (IMDA), India demand for maize is likely to be 22.73 million tons in 2011-12, out of which 19.66 million tons would be for non-food uses like poultry and cattle feed.  IMDA also said that total production of maize is estimated to rise to 42 million tons in 2025 from a projected 22 million tons in 2010, if the output increases by 6-7 million ton in every five year. India, Asia second-largest grower of corn after China, generally sells around two to three million tons of corn a year in global trade of about 90 million tons.

 

Extraction of Ultra Pure Silicon from Rice Husk Ash

Rice husk-ash is a unique source of high-grade amorphous silica. The silica present in rice husk, being of biogenic origin, is inherently amorphous. Amorphous silica obtained from rice husk is chemically active and hence a very useful product. At higher temperatures, it undergoes a phase change resulting into crystalline forms of silica The silica precipitation technology is a novel method for silica precipitation where the chemicals used are regenerated making it a closed loop operation. Successful studies for extraction of silica on laboratory scale, which meet the industrial requirements, have been carried out. Also studies are being carried out for suitable application of the undigested ash obtained after extraction, in water treatment plants with or without further improving the activated carbon content of the ash. 70% conversion is achieved on ash basis and around 90-95% on silica in ash basis.

 

Paper Plate with Silver Lamination

Economic growth in India is increasingly supported by robust industrial growth. Paper Product Sector is one of the relatively lesser known but significant sectors that support almost all industrial activities. However, not withstanding its importance and size, it has traditionally not been accorded the attention it deserves as a separate sector in itself. Paper crockery such as paper cups, saucers, napkins, paper plates is finding extensive usage these day’s for serving eatables in parties, functions and social gatherings.  Paper plates are most commonly used is disposable crockery in India.

Paper plates, cups and saucers are made from mill board, grey board, Kraft paper, grease proof paper and other forms of paperboards made out of paper forming materials. The paper industry encompassing pulp, paper, paperboard and newsprint is one of the industries of basic importance to the country.

The plastic products which were called White Revolution twenty years ago not only brought people convenience but also create White Pollution that is difficult to eliminate today. The plastic products are difficult to be reclaimed and can produce deleterious gases; they also cannot degradable and can spoil contracture of soil when they are buried. So, in today’s world, in spite of using plastic plates, extensive uses of paper plates for serving eatables in parties & social gatherings paper plates have other market requirements during general functions, paper plates are used. Paper plates are required in large quantities by the caterers of railways and other establishments.

Paper plates have the special characters of good shape, sanitation, oil preventing and temperature resisting, it also degradable, innocuous, flavorless, unpolluted. Paper dish wares and kitchen wares were accepted by people quickly as soon as it entered market. The demand for paper plates is likely to grow substantially in future both in urban as well as rural areas. Paper plates are produced from paperboards classed in the category of industrial paper. It has been estimated that demand for boards and industrial paper could be as high as nine per cent compared with five per cent now.

Cng Cylinders

Compressed Natural Gas Cylindersis also called as Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV). The natural gas cylinders have various design types based on materials of construction used. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a substitute for gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel. It is considered to be an environmentally clean alternative to those fuels. It is a gaseous fuel and is a mixture of hydrocarbons mainly Methane(CH4) extracted from natural gas. The absence of carbon and other particulates result in negligible amount of harmful elements in exhaust fumes. It is stored and distributed in hard containers, usually cylinders. For use in Automobiles as fuel, it is compressed to a pressure of 200-250 Kg/cm2 to enhance the vehicle on-board storage capacity. This natural gas remains clear, odourless, and non-corrosive although vehicles can use natural gas as either a liquid or a gas.

CNG market in India is primarily focused on light-duty vehicles. So, there is a significant opportunity with the companies to bring their cost-effective solutions to the medium and heavy-duty truck and transit bus market, stationary generators of all sizes, and so on.Despite the steady increase in India’s natural gas production, demand has outstripped supply and the country has been a net importer of natural gas since 2004. India’s net imports reached an estimated 429 billion cubic feet (BCF) in 2010. Natural gas presently constitutes about 10 percent of the country’s energy basket. India’s hydrocarbon vision statement envisages the share of natural gas to be about 25 percent by 2025.

 

Medical College with Hospital

A medical college is meant to impart education of medical field to students to qualify them as doctors in different specialized disciplines so as to treat patients suffering from various ailments. Doctors with their dedicated spirit serve the nation at large by providing medication and treatment for eradication of diseases, which exchange health and add suffering to humanity. Normally a medical college is associated with a hospital. Hospitals provide the facilities of O.P.D. and admission for seriously ill seriously injured, seriously burnt and pregnant ladies, causalities etc.

A private hospital is a place where one may get treatment from ordinary fever to a major surgery operation. As a matter of fact, no limitation has been made for the facilities available in a hospital. However, generally all private hospitals are provided with latest facilities and ultra modern machines. In a hospital, surgeons, physicians, E.N.T, specialists, children specialist, eye-surgeon, psychologists and sex-specialist are essential.

India’s medical education market in 2009-10 was Rs. 21 billion which grew by a CAGR about 10% in last three years. I is estimated that the Indian medical education market to grow at a CAGR of 18% by 2012-13 to attain a market size of Rs. 35 billion. In India, the growing awareness of the role of health development as a vital component of socio-economic development, has contributed to the increase in number of medical colleges. In the past ten years, the total number of colleges increased to 572 in 2008-0, registering a growth of 65%. In spite of the continuous growth in the medical education sector over the past few years, the country has not been able to meet the growing needs for medical professionals in the country. Therefore the medical education market in India offers an excellent investment opportunity.

 

 

Geotextiles for Road and Construction

Geotextiles is defined as permeable textile materials used in contact with soil, rock, earth or any other geotechnical related material as an integral part of civil engineering project, structure, or system.

Geotextiles have proven to be among the most versatile and cost-effective ground modification materials. Their use has expanded rapidly into nearly all areas of civil, geotechnical, environmental, coastal, and hydraulic engineering. They form the major component of the field of geosynthetics, the others being geogrids, geomembranes and geocomposites. Based on their structure and the manufacturing technique, geotextiles may be broadly classified into woven and nonwoven. Woven geotextiles are manufactured by the interlacement of warp and weft yarns, which may be of spun, multifilament, fibrillated or of slit film. Nonwoven geotextiles are manufactured through a process of mechanical interlocking or thermal bonding of fibers/filaments. Mechanical interlocking of the fibers/filaments is achieved through a process called needle punching. Needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles are best suited for a wide variety of civil engineering applications and are the most widely used type of geotextile in the world. Interlocking of the fibers/filaments could also be achieved through thermal bonding. Heat-bonded geotextiles should be used with caution, as they are not suitable for filtration applications or road stabilization applications over soft soils.

Geo-Textiles have proven to be versatile and cost-effective ground modification materials. Their use expanded rapidly into nearly all areas of civil engineering, geotechnical, environmental, coastal and hydraulic engineering. Geo-Textiles is forecasted to achieve the highest growth rates among the twelve technical textile application areas. The rate of 4.6% per annum between 2000 and 2005 is set to increase to 5.3% per annum during 2005 to 2010. The world demand for Geo-Textiles is projected at about 4715 million square meters by 2014 mostly from China and India.Globally the value of the sector is growing at a rate of around 5% a year and accounts for 0.80% share of the total technical textile segment. This share is expected to go up marginally to 2010.

It is predicted that global demand for geo-synthetics will increase 
5% annually to 4.7 billion square metres in 2013. With India is making huge investments in infrastructure development in roads, railways, dams, irrigation projects, airports, seaports, and construction projects where geosynthetics can be used in enhancing design flexibility, cost effectiveness, aesthetics, functionality and long term durability of the civil, marine, environment engineering projects we undertake. Consequently the demand for geotech segment is set to grow phenomenally.

Dental College

Dental education occupies a place of pride in the field of medical studies. The basic aim of the dental colleges is to provide health-oriented courses that emphasize the prevention of oral diseases. In a human body mouth is considered to be the mirror dental health being intimately related is part and parcel of the general health and well being of an individual. With increasing awareness in oral health and surge in the demand for cosmetic dental care together with technological advances in delivery of dental care, need for trained professionals in this field is ever increasing. As dentistry offers a satisfying, rewarding and lucrative career, it has become the subject of choice for aspiring professionals of tomorrow. Dentists are doing a great job today. Right from fulfilling the basic needs of restoration and prosthesis of common man, they are designing smiles of models, actors and others who want to enhance their confidence. They are doing well both in the public and the private sector. But with time their number is increasing and so is the competition amongst them. There is now a dire need of these professionals to explore new areas and widen their scope of employment.

Healthcare delivery is estimated to grow at a 12 per cent CAGR during 2010-11 and 2015-16 whereas healthcare delivery industry estimated at Rs 2.3 trillion in 2010-11. India’s medical education market (both dental and medical) in 2009-10 is Rs21 billion which grew by a CAGR about 10% in last three years. Indian medical education market is to grow at a CAGR of 18% by 2012-13 to attain a market size of Rs35 billion. In order to achieve the 1:1,000 doctor-patient ratio and 1:7,500 dentist-to-population ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO), India needs at least 600,000 doctors, 200,000 dental surgeons and one million nurses. Against this the country produces only 23,000 new doctors, 13,000 dental doctors and 45,000 nurses every year. Therefore a huge demand supply gap exists in medical education. In India, the growing awareness of the role of health development as a vital component of socio-economic development, has contributed to the increase in number of medical and dental colleges.

 

Hospital

A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays. Presently, every city or town in India has no. of private hospitals furnished with latest medical facilities available and with more qualified surgeons, physicians and specialist doctors. Even sometimes, they are furnished with more modern machines than those available in the nearby Government Hospital. These hospitals can be seen well crowded as they provide very good service at a smile. As they are run by privates very good medical care is provided by them. A private hospital is a place where one may get treatment from ordinary fever to a major surgery operation. As a matter of fact, no limitation has been made for the facilities available in a hospital. However, generally all private hospitals are provided with latest facilities and ultra modern machines. In a hospital, surgeons, physicians, E.N.T., specialists, children specialist, Eye-surgeon, psychologists and sex-specialist are essential

 

Healthcare delivery market is to grow at 12 per cent to Rs 4.2 trillion by 2015-16. Based on the health indicators for India released by the WHO experts says that the Indian healthcare delivery industry to reach Rs 2.3 trillion in 2010-11. As healthcare coverage across the country increases, the industry is expected to register a CAGR of 12 per cent to reach Rs 4.2 trillion in 2015-16. As private investments have been skewed towards in-patient department (IPD) treatments, its share in the overall market is expected to increase from 64 per cent in 2010-11 to 66 per cent by 2015-16.

The growth in demand for healthcare delivery services will be mainly driven by a combination of various factors including changing demographics, increasing income levels, and greater health awareness and increasing health insurance coverage. Investments of over Rs 5.6 trillion required to attain healthcare delivery benchmarks

 

 

I V Fluid (Ffs Technology)

Intravenous fluids are fluids which are intended to be administered to a patient intravenously, directly through the circulatory system. These fluids must be sterile to protect patients from injury, and there are a number of different types available for use. Many companies manufacture packaged intravenous fluids, as well as products which can be mixed with sterile water to prepare a solution for intravenous administration.

Intravenous fluids can be broken into two broad groups. Crystalloids such as saline solutions contain a solution of molecules which can dissolve in water. When crystalloids are administered, they tend to create low osmotic pressure, allowing fluid to move across the blood vessels, and this can be linked with edema. Colloids contain particles which are not soluble in water, and they create high osmotic pressure, attracting fluid into the blood vessels. Blood is an example of a commonly administered intravenous colloid.

World market growth is driven by population increases and constant up-scaling and sophistication of health care delivery. As part of this up-scaling, IV infusion therapy is becoming increasingly important in overall health care treatment regimens as new developments in antibiotics and other medications used in areas such as chemotherapy, burn centers, and renal/peritoneal dialysis centers favor intravenous use and application. The economic advantages of producing IV solutions locally emerging and medically in developing nations can result in an extremely short return on initial investment. Demand for IV solutions is so great that should production exceed local demand. Opportunities for national and export sales are unlimited in the foreseeable future.

 

 

Insulator

In atoms which have a large number of electrons in the outer orbit, the combined force of attraction for the nucleus is much stronger, thus it is more difficult to force an electron out of orbit, and substances made up of these kinds of atoms are called insulators. In other words the substances, which strongly oppose flow of electrons through them, are termed as insulators.

Traditional ceramics consists of all the products made from clay or silicates. Ceramics today may be defined broadly as any non-metallic inorganic substance in the solid state, normally complex compound but occasionally simple oxides. Even a single element like carbon is an example of not only ceramics but also of a refractory product.

Three classes of insulator are used in overhead lines, namely:

1. Pin type.

2. Suspension type.

3. Strain type.

The future demand for insulators may be estimated on the basis of the likely behavior of following 3 sectors:

1.    Household sectors

2.    Power sector

3.    The demand for commercial and industry sectors

Keeping all these in view, the demand for insulators from domestic market is estimated to increase at 5% per annum. Besides this, there is a good scope for exporting insulators. It is estimated that the demand for insulators in export market will grow at 8% per annum.

Thus the demand is likely to increase by more 20000 MT during next 5 years. This provides scope for many power units in LT or lower grade of HT insulators. At least 20000 to 25000 MT capacities is required to be added in next 5 years. The concern of Government over safety is increasing particularly for commercial buildings will also increase the demand. However it may require suitable insulators for commercial development of buildings like cinema houses, star category hotels, auditoriums, schools and colleges etc.,

 

 

Project Profiles of above projects can be viewed/ downloaded from http://niir.org/profiles/

 

 

Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report on above projects can be had from NPCS

           

Regards,

Manager
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED COMPANY
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Delhi – 110 007 (India)
Tel: 91-11-23843955, 23845886, 23845654, +918800733955
Fax: 91-11-23841561
E-mail: [email protected][email protected]  
Website: www.niir.org

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