Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micro propagation. Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that many plant cells have the ability to regenerate a whole plant (tot potency). Single cells, plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, stems or roots can often be used to generate a new plant on culture media given the required nutrients and plant hormones. Plant tissue culture is used widely in the plant sciences, forestry, and in horticulture. Applications include:

1.       The commercial production of plants used as potting, landscape, and florist subjects, which uses meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals.

2.       To conserve rare or endangered plant species.

3.       A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide resistance/tolerance.

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.

Plant tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms. A large central vacuole, a water-filled volume enclosed by a membrane known as the tonoplast that maintains the cell's turgor, controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap, stores useful material and digests waste proteins and organelles. Cell division by construction of a phragmoplast as a template for building a cell plate late in cytokinesis is characteristic of land plants and a few groups of algae, notably the Charophytes and the Order Trentepohliales.

Asia to Witness Highest Growth by 2020" the global cell and tissue culture supplies market was valued at USD 16,322.7 million in 2014 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.5% from 2014 to 2020, to reach an estimated value of USD 28,108.3 million in 2020. North American market for cell and tissue culture supplies is estimated at USD 8,079.0 million in 2014 and is expected to reach USD 14,079.0 million in 2020, growing at a CAGR of 9.7%.In terms of growth, Asia is the fastest growing region; this is due to increasing R&D in the field of cell and tissue culture in the region.

FURTHER INFORMATION:

Handbook on plants and cell tissue culture describes the detailed information on the subject. the major contents of this book are- plant tissue culture, subculture of callus, nucellus culture, meristem culture, anther culture, suspension culture, development of tissue culture techniques, principles of cell culture, cell lines, isolation method for microorganisms for culture, culture preservation and stability, in vitro recombinant dna technology, nutritional requirements of microorganisms, nutrient uptake and assimilation,  modes of growth of bacteria and fungi, mixed culture and mixed substrate systems, protoplast technology etc.

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